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Anatomy Final Sp 25
vocab on the final Spring 25
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| smooth | involuntary muscle, spindle shaped, found lining internal organs, not striated |
| skeletal | voluntary muscle, cylinder shaped , found attached to bones, striated |
| cardiac | involuntary muscle, branched cylinder shaped, found in the heart |
| quadriceps group | extends the lower leg as in kicking |
| hamstring group | flexes lower leg |
| biceps brachii | flexes the forearm |
| triceps brachii | extends the forearm |
| pectoralis major | flexes the arm (in front of the body) |
| latissimus dorsi | extends the arm (behind you) |
| adductor group | adducts the thigh (brings legs together) |
| gluteus minimus | abducts the thigh |
| gluteus maximus | extends the leg |
| iliopsoas | flexes the leg |
| sternocleidomastoid | flexes and rotates the head |
| trapezius | extends and hyperextends head |
| type A blood | has A antigens and anti-B antibodies, can donate to A or AB, can receive from A or O |
| Type B blood | has B antigens, anti A antibodies; can donate to B or AB, can receive from B or O |
| Type AB blood | has A and B antigens and no antibodies in the plasma, universal recipient |
| Type O Blood | has no antigens, both antibodies, universal donor |
| Rh factor | tells whether you have the Rh antigen, you are either + or - |
| right atrium | chamber of heart that receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cava |
| right ventricle | receives blood from the right atrium and sends it into the pulmonary trunk |
| left atrium | receives blood from the lungs (pulmonary veins) and sends it to the left ventricle |
| left ventricle | receives blood from the left atrium and sends blood out of the aorta to the body |
| tricuspid valve | between the right atrium and right ventricle; 3 cusps held by chordae tendinae |
| bicuspid valve | between the left atrium and left ventricle; 2 cusps held by chordae tendinae |
| pulmonary semilunar valve | in the pulmonary trunk, prevents blood from falling back into the right ventricle |
| aortic semilunar valve | in the aorta, prevents blood from falling back into the left ventricle |
| semilunar valves | 3 pockets that fill with blood and close off to prevent backflow |
| superior and inferior vena cava | bring deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium |
| pulmonary arteries | only arteries carrying deoxygenated blood; goes from right ventricle to lungs to pick up oxygen |
| pulmonary veins | only veins carrying oxygenated blood; goes from lungs to left atrium |
| aorta | largest artery; carries blood from the heart to the body |
| veins | carry blood TO the heart |
| arteries | carry blood AWAY from the heart |
| capillaries | smallest vessels where diffusion of gasses and nutrients occurs with the tissues of the body |
| heart disease | caused primarily by diseased blood vessels that cause the heart to work harder |
| heart attack | a blockage of a coronary artery prevents oxygen from getting to the heart muscle, and part of the heart dies |
| hypertension | chronic high blood pressure |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries due to lack of proper nutrition, age, genetics, age |
| atherosclerosis | buiid-up of plaque that can block the arteries and make them rigid |
| thromboembolism | when a blood clot breaks free and travels to other areas and may get clogged in the small arteries that feed vital organs (brain, heart, lungs) |
| stroke | when part of the brain dies due to lack of blood flow (oxygen) |
| diarrhea | increased peristalsis of the large intestine resulting in watery stool |
| heartburn | results when stomach acid backs up into the esophagus |
| sinusitis | inflammation of the air pockets of the skull |
| tonsillitis | inflammation of the immune glands of the pharynx |
| laryngitis | inflammation of the voicebox leading to hoarseness or loss of voice |
| bronchitis | inflammation of the air tubes leading to the lungs; can be chronic or acute |
| asthma | a form of COPD where the bronchi become inflamed and constricted |
| emphysema | when the air sacs of the lungs become distended and damaged and limit the amount of gas that can be exchanged; due to smoking |
| pneumonia | infection affecting the alveoli, they fill with fluid |
| tuberculosis | infection of the lung tissue where bacteria become encapsulated within the lungs, multiply, then burst out and spread |
| lung cancer | usually due to smoking, contents of smoke causes mutations in the lung cells, resulting in tumors that spread |
Created by:
Mrs. Meeks SHS
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