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Lilibeth Dela Cruz
Anatomy Final Reviewer
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| From smallest to largest, the level of organization of the body are: | chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism |
| An X-ray technician has been asked to make X-ray films of the liver. Which of the abdominopelvic regions must be included? | Right hypochondriac, epigastric, and left hypochondriac |
| An organ is one organization level higher than a(n): | Tissue |
| A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is: | coronal |
| Two major cavities of the human body are: | ventral/dorsal |
| Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of: | organelles |
| A surgeon removing a gallbladder should know to find it in the _____ region. | right hypochondriac |
| Molecules are: | atoms combined to form larger chemical aggregates. |
| Several kinds of tissues working together are termed a(n): | organ |
| The structure that is called the "powerhouse" of the cell is the: | mitochondria |
| The plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts is the _____ plane. | transverse |
| The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the: | heart |
| The lungs are located in the: | thoracic cavity |
| The reproductive system includes all of the following except the: | ureter |
| An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called a(n): | tissue |
| The gallbladder lies in the: | abdominal cavity |
| Popliteal refers to the: | area behind the knee |
| If your reference point is "farthest from the trunk of the body" versus "nearest to the trunk of the body," where does the knee lie in relation to the ankle? | Proximal |
| Which of the following does not describe anatomical position? | Arms extended from the shoulders, palms up |
| Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of lie? | Balance |
| A plane through the body that divides the body into the right and left sides is called: | sagittal |
| The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are: | cells |
| A frontal section divides the body into ____ portions. | front and back |
| When many similar cells specialize to perform a certain function, it is referred to as a(n): | tissue |
| The mediastinum contains all of the following except the: | right lung |
| Blood production is a function of which system? | Skeletal |
| The number of abdominal region is: | nine |
| A sagittal section divides the body into _____ portions. | right and left |
| What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer the surface? | Superficial |
| The abdominal quadrants are located with what structure as their midpoint? | Umbilicus |
| The dorsal body cavity is subdivided into a cranial cavity and a spinal cavity. | True |
| Anatomy is defined as the study of the _____ of a living organism. | structure |
| A frontal plane is the same as a _____ plane. | coronal |
| A coronal section through the human body can | pass through both ears |
| The brain is _____ to the skull. | Deep |
| All of the following are characteristic of human life except | synthesis by scientists. |
| Regarding directional terms, superior means | toward the head |
| Which organ is not found in the ventral body cavity? | spinal cord |
| ______refers to an inner region of an organ, whereas _____ refers to an outer region or layer of an organ. | Medullary;cortical |
| As an anatomical region, lumbar refers to | the infero-medial aspect of the back |
| Another name for the midsagittal plane is | median |
| Physiology is defined as the study of the _____ of a living organism. | function |
| The plane that divides the body into front and back portions is the _____ plane. | coronal |
| The knee is _______ to the foot. | proximal |
| The body as a whole can be subdivided into two major divisions. They are | axial and appendicular |
| The space that encloses the brain and spinal cord forms one continuos cavity called the _____ cavity. | dorsal |
| The chest is ______ to the abdomen. | superior |
| Muscles are _____ to the skin | Deep |
| Which branch of anatomy studies the structural changes that occur as one ages? | developmental anatomy |
| Which structure is located entirely within the right upper quadrant? | gallbladder |
| The ______ system is involved in immunity. | lymphatic |
| The inguinal region lies | where the thigh joins the trunk |
| The gluteral region is _____ to the popliteal region. | superior |
| The sternal region is _____ to the scapular region. | anterior |
| The abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided into the _____ cavities. | abdominal and pelvic |
| The body as a whole can be subdivided into two major divisions. They are | axial and appendicular |
| An example of a tissue in the body is | epithelium |
| The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a(n) _____ reaction. | synthesis |
| When atoms combine, they may gain, lose, or share: | electrons |
| In the presence of a base, red litmus paper will: | turn blue |
| A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain _____ protons, _____ neutrons, _____ electrons. | 12; 13; 10 |
| The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of: | one proton and two neutrons. |
| Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body? | zinc |
| An example of a catabolic process is: | hydrolysis |
| Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element? | helium |
| The study of metabolism includes examinations of: | catabolism, anabolism, ATP requirements. All of the above. |
| AB+ CD - AD + CB is an eample of a(n) _____ reaction. | exchange |
| Which of the following bonds are the weakest? | hydrogen |
| The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired eletrons are in its outer shell? | Four |
| Which of the following represents properties of water? | High specific heat, High heat of vaporization, Strong polarity. All of the above. |
| The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction? | decomposition |
| The octet rule refers to the: | stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level. |
| The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: | dehydration synthesis |
| The study of metabolism includes examination of: | catabolism, anabolism, ATP requirements. All of the above. |
| Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called: | bases |
| Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is: | two |
| Atomic mass is determined by the number of: | protons and neutrons |
| An ionic bond is formed by: | a positive and a negative ion attracting each other. |
| The approximate pH of gactric fluid is: | 2 |
| Which of the following represents a trace element in the body? | Iron |
| Approximately what percentage of the body weight of an adult female is water? | 50% |
| A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n): | electron |
| Acids: | are proton donors, taste sour, release hydrogen ions in an aqueuos solution. All of the above are true of acids. |
| A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) than hydrogen ions (H+) is a(n) _______ solution. | alkaline (basic) |
| An example of an element would be: | Ne |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the: | solution becomes more acidic |
| The kind of element is determined by the number of: | protons |
| An isotope of an element contains different numbers of ____ from other atoms of the same element. | neutrons |
| The most abundant and important compound(s) in the body is(are): | water |
| An example of a catabolic process is: | hydrolysis |
| The total number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the number of: | protons in its nucleus |
| An atom can be described as chemically inert if its outermost electron shell contains _____ electrons. | eight |
| The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up which percentage of the human body? | 96% |
| Hydrolysis _____ a water molecule. | breaks down compounds by adding |
| A force holding two atoms together is a(n) | chemical bond |
| An element that contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons is called a(n): | isotope |
| A molecule that is polar: | is both A and C. (can form a hydrogen bond, has an unequal charge). |
| Salts: | All of the above. (can form as the result of a chemical reaction between acids and bases, are electrolytes, will form crystals if the water is removed). |
| The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of a: | synthesis reaction |
| A substance that cannot be broken down or decomposed into two or more different substances is called a(n) | element |
| Acids, bases, and salts belong to a large group of compounds called | electrolytes |
| What decomposition reaction requires the addition of water molecule to break a bond? | hydrolysis |
| Which type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of a complex substance into two or more simpler substance? | decomposition reaction |
| The element oxygen has an atomic number of 8 which mean it contains: | eight protons |
| Which of the following is not a subatomic particle? | Radon |
| Electrolytes are: | called cations if they have a positive charge. |
| For sodium to transform from a neutral atom to a positive ion, it must: | lose an electron |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, the pH goes _____, and the solution becomes more ____. | down; acidic |
| The type of chemical reaction most likely to requires energy is a(n) _____ reaction. | synthesis |
| Acids | release hydrogen ions |
| Hydrogen bonds result from unequal charge distribution on a molecule. Such ,olecules are said to be | polar |
| Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are called: | covalent |
| As a result of which reaction during catabolism is a water molecule added to break a larger compound into smaller subunits? | hydrolysis |
| What term is used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in body cells? | metabolism |
| The atomic number tells you the | number of protons in the nucleus |
| The water molecule has two distinct ends, each with a partial electrical charge. Because of this ctructure, water is said to be | polar |
| The most abundant element essential to life is | carbon |
| Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the: | transfer of electrons from one atom to another |
| As the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) increases, the: | Both A and C are correct. (solution becomes more basic, pH rises). |
| Atoms with fewer than eight electrons in the outer energy level will attempt to lose, gain, or share electrons with other atoms to achieve stability. This tendency is called the | octet rule |
| A weak acid: | dissociates very little in solution |
| A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer shells of two atoms is called a(n) _____ bond. | covalent |
| Which subatomic particles carry a charge? | Protons and electrons |
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