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Embryology
Echo school quiz
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aortic sac | Forms 6 pairs of aortic arches |
| Aortic arches in the embryo that disappear | Arches 1, 2 and 5 |
| 3rd aortic arch pair | Becomes the carotid arteries (blood flow to the brain) |
| 4th aortic arch pair | Becomes part of the aortic arch and right subclavian artery |
| 6th aortic arch pair | Becomes ductus arteriosus, pulmonary trunk and part of the pulmonary arteries |
| Truncus arteriosus (is actually the distal portion of the bulbus cordis) | Becomes the base of the pulmonary artery and the ascending aorta |
| Bulbus cordis (proximal portion) | Becomes the body and apex of the RV |
| Conus cordi (mid portion of the bulbus cordis) | Becomes the RVOT and the LVOT |
| Primitive ventricle | Becomes one ventricle and then the LV apex and inlet portion of the RV |
| Primitive atrium | Becomes one atria and eventually the RA and LA |
| Sinus venosus | Becomes the SVC, IVC, coronary sinus, pulmonary veins and the posterior walls of the RA and LA |
| Endocardial cushions | Arise from the atrioventricular sulcus, which turns into the AV canal. Jelly-like and help to form septums and valves. Right in the middle of the heart |
| Heart tube appears | Day 21 |
| Fetal heart begins to beat | Day 23 |
| Heart fully formed | Week 7 or day 49 |
| D-looping | Anterior and to the right |
| Ductus arteriosus | Shunts blood to the aorta from the pulmonary artery; After birth becomes the ligamentum arteriosum |
| Ductus venosus | Shunts oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to the IVC instead of the liver; After birth becomes the ligamentum venosum |
| Foramen ovale | Shunts blood from the RA to the LA; After birth becomes the fossa ovalis |
| Umbilical vein | After birth becomes the ligamentum teres |
| Umbilical arteries | After birth part disappear and part turn into other ligaments |
| Septum primum | Starts forming at the base and grows top downward. Reaches all the way down to the endocardial cushion. |
| Septum secundum | Forms after the septum primum top down and covers the hole in the 1st septum. |
| Ostium primum | Opening between the primum and endocardial cushions |
| Ostium secundum | AKA foramen ovale; opening between the septum primum and secundum |
| Septation | Happens at weeks 4-6; heart loops anteriorly and to the right (D-looping); creates right and left canals |
| After birth the lungs: | 1. Fill with air 2. O2 saturation goes up 3. CO2 saturation goes down 4. Bradykinin is released |
| Bradykinin | Affects smooth muscle in ductus arteriosus and causes it to close into the ligamentum arteriosum |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance | Decreases in the lungs after birth |
| Right heart pressures | Decrease after birth |
| LA pressure | Increases after birth |
| Eustachian valve | Guides incoming blood from the IVC to the foramen ovale (RA to the LA) |
| PFO | Patent foramen ovale occurs when the foramen ovale doesn't close properly (can be detected thru a bubble study) |
Created by:
gillybruursema
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