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Nervous system #2
Cranial Nerves and Parts of the brain
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Frontal Lobe | conscious, abstract thought (imagination), memory, behavior, voluntary motor mvmt. |
| Temporal Lobe | Hearing, smell, learning, memory, language |
| Occipital Lobe | Vision |
| Pariental Lobe | general senses, taste, spatial perception |
| Broca's area | generate motor program to produce speech |
| What can happen if Broca's area gets damaged ? | slow speech, cant generate words although you understand what is being said |
| Prefrontal cortex | associated with mood, motivation, planning, personality, decision making, judgement, emotional control |
| Olfactory association area | involved in smell |
| Primary somesthetic cortex / pariental lobe | receives sensory input like touch, contralateral( cross ea. other) |
| How do the primary somesthetic cortex and the somesthetic association area work together ? | one receives and the other interprets |
| Primary gustatory cortex | taste |
| Wernicke area | recognition of spoken and writing language |
| What happens if your Wernicke's area gets damaged ? | use words that don't make sense, don't understand words or identify written words or pictures |
| Sensory Homunculus | map of sensory input, size is processing power (sensitivity) ex: hand and face is more cortex b/c bigger in pic |
| Primary motor cortex / frontal lobe | control voluntary motor activity, controls muscles on contralateral side |
| Motor Homunculus | map of motor output, size is proportional to motor control, higher size = fine motor control |
| Left hemisphere | “Categorical hemisphere” Analytical reasoning + science and math |
| Right hemisphere | “Representational hemisphere” Imagination, artistic ability, patters and spatial relationships |
| Basal nuclei | Gray matter, motor control specifically repetitive movements like walking and learned behavior like writing |
| Associated tracts | Same hemisphere, link perception with memory Ex: rose |
| Commissural tracts | Connect 2 hemisphere, horizontal |
| Projection tracts | Vertical tracts, connects cerebellum to the rest of the body from brain to spinal cord and vis versa |
| Superior colliculus | Vision |
| Thalamus | "relay station" receives sensory information and relays motor messages within brain |
| Hypothalamus | (master control center --> ANS + endocrine system) involved in maintaining homeostasis (ex: hunger and thirst) |
| Pineal gland (epithalamus) | secrets melatonin role in regulating cardiac rhythms like sleep/wake cycle |
| Cerebellum | motor control, coordination, balance and posture (10% of brain mass but 50% of neurons) |
| Inferior colliculus | hearing |
| Pons | sleep control and respiration control |
| Medulla Oblongata | 4 centers ( cardiac center, vasomotor center/blood pressure, respiratory center and reflexes) |
| How many cranial nerves ? | 12 |
| Olfactory (I) | smell (sensory) |
| Optic (II) | Vision/ innervates retina ( sensory) |
| Oculomotor (III) | eye movement, focusing, pupillary contraction, 4 eye muscles (motor) |
| Trochlear (IV) | eye movement (motor) |
| Trigeminal (V) | Both, most important in face and 3 branches s: face m: controls muscles of the mastication |
| Abducens (VI) | lateral eye movement (motor) innervates lateral rectus |
| Facial (VII) | Both s: taste m: controls muscles of facial expression, glandular, secretion of tears, saliva and mucus |
| Vestibulocochlear (VIII) | Hearing and equilibrium innervates inner ear (sensory) |
| Glossopharyngeal (IX) | Both s: taste, tongue m: salivation, swallowing and gargling |
| Vagus (X) | Both, branches to many systems, "wondering nerve" s: taste and GI sensation m: swallowing, speech ,lungs ,heart and GI tract |
| Accessory (XI) | innervates muscles for swallowing and head, neck ,shoulder movement unique b/c it has roots in brain and spinal cord (motor) |
| Hypoglossal (XII) | (motor) tongue movement |
| Cervical enlargement | (C3-T2), nerves- upper extremities |
| Lumbar enlargement | (T9-T12), nerves to lower extremities |
| Cauda equina | "horse tail" nerves that emerge from ends of spinal cord |
Created by:
michilo
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