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Nervous System Vocab

TermDefinition
Neuron Nerve cell
Impulse An action potential
Synapse Functional connection between the axon terminal of a neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another neuron or the membrane of another cell type
Neurotransmitters Chemical that an axon secretes at a synapse that stimulates or inhibits an effector
Cell Body Part of a neuron that includes cytoplasm and a nucleus, and from which nerve processes extend
Dendrite Process of a neuron that receives input from other neurons
Axon The process that conducts an impulse away from the neuron cell body
Central Nervous System (CNS) The brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Parts of the nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord
Afferent Vessel that transports blood to the glomerulus of each kidney nephron
Efferent Vessel that transports blood away from the glomerulus of each kidney nephron
Neuroglia Specialized cells of the nervous system that, depending on the type of neuroglia, produce myelin, maintain the ionic environment, provide growth factors that support neurons, provide structural support, and play a role in cell-to-cell communication
Sensory Receptors Specialized structure associated with the peripheral end of a sensory neuron specific to detecting a particular stimulus and triggering an impulse in response
Effectors A muscle or gland, either of which can effect change in the body
Somatic Nervous System Motor pathways of the peripheral nervous system that lead to skeletal muscles
Autonomic Nervous System Motor portion of the peripheral nervous system that controls the viscera & operates with no conscious effort
Myelin Lipid material that forms a sheathlike covering around some axons, provides electrical insulation
Myelin Sheath Lipid-rich layer formed from certain neuroglia that wraps around an axon, providing insulation
Neurofilaments Fine, cytoplasmic threads that extend from the cell body into the axon for its entire length
Created by: Malia.grace08
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