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Med Terms Chapter 13
The Endocrine System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acr/o | extremities, top, extreme point |
| adren/o | adrenal glands |
| crin/o | secrete |
| -dipsia | thirst |
| glyc/o | glucose, sugar |
| gonad/o | gonad, sex glands |
| -ism | condition, state of |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| parathyroid/o | parathyroid glands |
| pineal/o | pineal gland |
| pituitar/o | pituitary gland |
| poly- | many |
| somat/o | body |
| thym/o | thymus gland |
| thyr/o, thyroid/o | thyroid gland |
| ALD | aldosterone |
| ADH | antidiuretic hormone |
| DI | diabetes insipidus |
| DM | diabetes mellitus |
| EPI, Epi | epinephrine |
| FBS | fasting blood sugar |
| FA | fructosamine test |
| GD | Graves' disease |
| HG | hypoglycemia |
| LADA | latent autoimmune diabetes |
| LEP, LPT | leptin |
| TSH | thyroid stimulating hormone |
| acromegaly | enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty |
| Addison's disease | a condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol or aldosterone |
| adrenalitis | inflammation of the adrenal glands |
| aldosteronism | an abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone |
| antidiuretic hormone | secreted by the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland; helps control blood pressure by reducing amount of water in the kidneys |
| calcitonin | produced by the thyroid gland; works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels by moving it to bones/teeth |
| Conn's syndrome | a disorder of the adrenal glands caused by the excessive production of aldosterone |
| cortisone | the synthetic equivalent of natural corticosteroids that are administered to suppress inflammation and to act as an immunosuppressant |
| cretinism | a congenital form of hypothyroidism |
| Cushing's syndrome | a condition caused by prolonged exposure to cortisol |
| diabetes insipidus | a condition caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone by by the inability of the kidneys to respond to this hormone |
| diabetes mellitus | a group of metabolic disorders characterized by the hyperglycemia resulting from defects in the body's production of insulin (type 1) or its ability to use it properly (type 2) |
| diabetic retinopathy | damage to the retina as a complication of uncontrolled diabetes |
| electrolytes | mineral substances that are normally found in the blood and bodily fluids (Ca, Cl, Na, K, Mg) |
| epinephrine | adrenaline; stimulates sympathetic nervous system in response to physical injury or to mental stress |
| estrogen | hormone secreted by the ovaries that is important in the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics and menstrual cycle |
| exophthalmos | an abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit |
| follicle-stimulating hormone | stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova (eggs) in the ovaries in females or the production of sperm in testes |
| fructosamine test | a blood test that measures average glucose levels over the past three weeks |
| gestational diabetes mellitus | the form of diabetes that occurs during some pregnancies |
| gigantism | abnormal growth of the entire body caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone before puberty |
| glucagon | hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets in response to low levels of glucose; increases glucose level by stimulating liver to convert glycogen to glucose |
| glucose | the basic form of energy used by the body; blood sugar |
| Graves' disease | an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system makes excessive amounts of the thyroid hormone |
| growth hormone | somatotropic hormone; regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues |
| gynecomastia | the condition of excessive mammary development in the male |
| Hashimoto's disease | an autoimmune disorder in which the body's own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland |
| hypercalcemia | abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood |
| hyperglycemia | an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood |
| hyperinsulinism | a condition marked by excessive secretion of insulin |
| hyperpituitarism | the excess secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism |
| hyperthyroidism | the overproduction of thyroid hormones |
| hypoglycemia | an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood |
| hypothyroidism | a deficiency of thyroid secretion |
| insulin | hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in response to high levels of glucose to use for energy or convert for storage |
| insulinoma | a benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia by secreting additional insulin |
| ketosis | a normal metabolic process that helps the body utilize stored fat when other sources of energy are lacking |
| laparoscopic adrenalectomy | a minimally invasive procedure to surgically remove one or both adrenal glands |
| leptin | a protein hormone secreted by fat cells that is involved in the regulation of appetite |
| luteinizing hormone | stimulates ovulation in the female; stimulates secretion of testosterone in the male |
| myxedema | a severe form of adult hypothyroidism caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion |
| norepinephrine | plays an important role in "fight-or-flight" by raising blood pressure, strengthening the heartbeat, and stimulating muscle contractions |
| oxytocin | stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth; stimulates flow of milk after birth |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| parathyroidectomy | surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands |
| pituitary adenoma | a slow-growing, benign tumor of the pituitary gland that may or may not cause excess hormone secretion |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| polyphagia | excessive hunger |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| prediabetes | a condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes |
| progesterone | hormone released during the second half of the menstrual cycle by the ovary to complete the preparation of the uterus for possible pregnancy |
| prolactinoma | a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that caused it to produce too much prolactin |
| puberty | process of physical changes by which a child's body becomes an adult body that is capable of reproducing |
| radioactive iodine treatment | oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells |
| steroids | a large family of hormone-like substances that share the same fat-soluble chemical structure (ex cholesterol, testosterone, corticosteroids) |
| testosterone | a steroid hormone secreted by the testicles and the adrenal cortex to stimulate the development of male secondary sex characteristics |
| thymectomy | the surgical removal of the thymus gland |
| thymitis | inflammation of the thymus gland |
| thymosin | plays an important part in the immune system by stimulating the maturation of lymphocytes |
| thyroxine | primary thyroid hormone that regulates the rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate of function of many other body systems |
Created by:
annapatton
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