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Med Terms Chapter 13

The Endocrine System

TermDefinition
acr/o extremities, top, extreme point
adren/o adrenal glands
crin/o secrete
-dipsia thirst
glyc/o glucose, sugar
gonad/o gonad, sex glands
-ism condition, state of
pancreat/o pancreas
parathyroid/o parathyroid glands
pineal/o pineal gland
pituitar/o pituitary gland
poly- many
somat/o body
thym/o thymus gland
thyr/o, thyroid/o thyroid gland
ALD aldosterone
ADH antidiuretic hormone
DI diabetes insipidus
DM diabetes mellitus
EPI, Epi epinephrine
FBS fasting blood sugar
FA fructosamine test
GD Graves' disease
HG hypoglycemia
LADA latent autoimmune diabetes
LEP, LPT leptin
TSH thyroid stimulating hormone
acromegaly enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty
Addison's disease a condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol or aldosterone
adrenalitis inflammation of the adrenal glands
aldosteronism an abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone
antidiuretic hormone secreted by the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland; helps control blood pressure by reducing amount of water in the kidneys
calcitonin produced by the thyroid gland; works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels by moving it to bones/teeth
Conn's syndrome a disorder of the adrenal glands caused by the excessive production of aldosterone
cortisone the synthetic equivalent of natural corticosteroids that are administered to suppress inflammation and to act as an immunosuppressant
cretinism a congenital form of hypothyroidism
Cushing's syndrome a condition caused by prolonged exposure to cortisol
diabetes insipidus a condition caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone by by the inability of the kidneys to respond to this hormone
diabetes mellitus a group of metabolic disorders characterized by the hyperglycemia resulting from defects in the body's production of insulin (type 1) or its ability to use it properly (type 2)
diabetic retinopathy damage to the retina as a complication of uncontrolled diabetes
electrolytes mineral substances that are normally found in the blood and bodily fluids (Ca, Cl, Na, K, Mg)
epinephrine adrenaline; stimulates sympathetic nervous system in response to physical injury or to mental stress
estrogen hormone secreted by the ovaries that is important in the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics and menstrual cycle
exophthalmos an abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit
follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova (eggs) in the ovaries in females or the production of sperm in testes
fructosamine test a blood test that measures average glucose levels over the past three weeks
gestational diabetes mellitus the form of diabetes that occurs during some pregnancies
gigantism abnormal growth of the entire body caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone before puberty
glucagon hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets in response to low levels of glucose; increases glucose level by stimulating liver to convert glycogen to glucose
glucose the basic form of energy used by the body; blood sugar
Graves' disease an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system makes excessive amounts of the thyroid hormone
growth hormone somatotropic hormone; regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues
gynecomastia the condition of excessive mammary development in the male
Hashimoto's disease an autoimmune disorder in which the body's own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland
hypercalcemia abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood
hyperglycemia an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood
hyperinsulinism a condition marked by excessive secretion of insulin
hyperpituitarism the excess secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism
hyperthyroidism the overproduction of thyroid hormones
hypoglycemia an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood
hypothyroidism a deficiency of thyroid secretion
insulin hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in response to high levels of glucose to use for energy or convert for storage
insulinoma a benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia by secreting additional insulin
ketosis a normal metabolic process that helps the body utilize stored fat when other sources of energy are lacking
laparoscopic adrenalectomy a minimally invasive procedure to surgically remove one or both adrenal glands
leptin a protein hormone secreted by fat cells that is involved in the regulation of appetite
luteinizing hormone stimulates ovulation in the female; stimulates secretion of testosterone in the male
myxedema a severe form of adult hypothyroidism caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion
norepinephrine plays an important role in "fight-or-flight" by raising blood pressure, strengthening the heartbeat, and stimulating muscle contractions
oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth; stimulates flow of milk after birth
pancreatitis inflammation of the pancreas
parathyroidectomy surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands
pituitary adenoma a slow-growing, benign tumor of the pituitary gland that may or may not cause excess hormone secretion
polydipsia excessive thirst
polyphagia excessive hunger
polyuria excessive urination
prediabetes a condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes
progesterone hormone released during the second half of the menstrual cycle by the ovary to complete the preparation of the uterus for possible pregnancy
prolactinoma a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that caused it to produce too much prolactin
puberty process of physical changes by which a child's body becomes an adult body that is capable of reproducing
radioactive iodine treatment oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells
steroids a large family of hormone-like substances that share the same fat-soluble chemical structure (ex cholesterol, testosterone, corticosteroids)
testosterone a steroid hormone secreted by the testicles and the adrenal cortex to stimulate the development of male secondary sex characteristics
thymectomy the surgical removal of the thymus gland
thymitis inflammation of the thymus gland
thymosin plays an important part in the immune system by stimulating the maturation of lymphocytes
thyroxine primary thyroid hormone that regulates the rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate of function of many other body systems
Created by: annapatton
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