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A&P-Chapter 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Autonomic nervous system | automatic control of systems needed for long term survival |
| Preganglionic neurons | ANS motor neurons that leave CNS; moves to ganglion |
| Ganglionic neurons | ANS motor neuron from ganglion; moves to effector |
| Sympathetic division | ready body for crisis; increase bp, respiration, and hr decreases digestion short preg. fiber, long postgn. fiber; pregn fiber arise in T1-L2 |
| Parasympathetic division | ready body for rest; decrease bp, respiration, hr increases digestion long pregn fiber, short postgn fiber pregn. fiber arise in brainstem S2-S4 |
| In sympathetic division, pregn. fibers leave the CNS, and can move to many ganglia or __________ _________. | adrenal medullae |
| Sympathetic chain ganglia | postgn fibers to head, neck, limb |
| Celiac ganglion (S) | postgn fibers to stomach, liver |
| Superior mesenteric ganglion(S) | postgn fibers to small/large intestine |
| Inferior mesenteric ganglion (S) | postgn fiber to large intestine and kidney |
| Within the adrenal medullae, ___________ cells release ___________ and __________________ into blood. | Neuroendocrine; epinephrine, norepinephrine |
| The neurotransmitter a preganglionic neuron releases: (S) | release Ach |
| The neurotransmitter a ganglionic neuron releases: (S) | NE at varicosities (string of pearls) |
| What binds to effector receptors during sympathetic division? What is the difference between Alpha and Beta receptors? | E/NE; alpha-stimulate enzymatic functions in cells beta- trigger metabolic changes in cells |
| Two types of Alpha receptors: | Alpha 1: excitatory effect on cells Alpha 2: inhibitory effect on cells |
| Three types of Beta receptors: | Beta 1 or 3: excitatory effect Beta 2: inhibitory effect |
| Parasympathetic division: | pregangionic fibers leave CNS thru cranial nerves III, VII, IX, or X and move to ganglia |
| Pterygopalatine ganglion (PS) | postgn fibers move to lacrimal gland |
| Ciliary ganglion (PS) | postgn fibers move to the eye |
| Submandibular/otic ganglia (PS) | postgn fibers move to salivary glands |
| Cranial nerve X (vagus) | pregn fibers synapse with ganglionic neurons in thoracic/abdominal viscera |
| What neurotransmitter does preganglionic neuron release (PS)? | release Ach |
| What neurotransmitter does ganglionic neuron release (PS)? | release Ach |
| Nicotinic receptor (PS) | excitatory effect on ganglionic neuron |
| Muscarinic receptor (PS) | excitatory or inhibitory effect on effector |
| Dual innervation | sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of organs; opposing effects on vital organs |
| Cardiac plexus | increase or decrease heart rate |
| Pulmonary plexus | increase or decrease respiratory rate |
| Hypogastric plexus | increase or decrease digestive/urinary activity |
| Autonomic tone | background level of activation of autonomic motor neurons; allows for increase or decrease in activity |
| Visceral reflex arc? Two types? | automatic motor response; long reflex and short reflex |
| Long reflex | sensory neurons deliver info to CNS ANS sends motor into to visceral effector |
| Short reflex | sensory neurons deliver info to ganglia (bypass CNS) |
| Memories | stored info gathered through experience |
| Fact memories vs. skill memories | Fact: store specific info Skill: learned motor behavior |
| Short term memory | do not last long; info recalled instantly while it lasts |
| Long term memory | lasts long; can convert st to lt (consolidation) |
| Deep sleep | body relaxed, brain activity down |
| REM | dream state |
| Arousal | awakening from sleep |
Created by:
madelineyork
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