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A&P-Chapter 13

QuestionAnswer
Posterior median sulcus Shallow groove, posterior side
Anterior median fissure deep groove, anterior side
Dorsal root ganglia enlargements on spinal segments; has cell bodies of sensory neurons
Dorsal roots in each spinal segment, has axons of sn, brings sensory info into spinal cord BRINGING INFO IN
Ventral roots axons of motor neurons, takes motor info from spinal cord BRINGS INFO OUT
Spinal (mixed) nerves Where dorsal/ventral roots meet
Dura mater within spinal cord outermost; enclosed by epidural space forms coccygeal ligament
Arachnoid mater within spinal cord middle layer; trabeculae subarachnoid space contains csf
Pia mater within spinal cord innermost, bound to neural tissue denticulate ligaments prevent lateral movements
Gray matter (spinal cord) Butterfly shape; contains cell bodies central canal contains csf
Horns Projection of gray matter
Posterior gray horns has somatic/visceral sensory nuclei
Anterior gray horns somatic motor nuclei
Lateral gray horns visceral motor nuclei
Gray commisures unmyelinated axons cross over from one side to another
White matter (spinal cord) signals; outer region, myelinated axon
Columns posterior/anterior/lateral axons tracts carry sensory/motor info ascending=spine to brain (sensory) descending= brain to spine (motor)
Anterior white commissure myelinated axons crossing over
Epineurium outermost layer
Perineurium middle layer; separates into fascicles
Endoneurium inner layer surrounding each axon
Somatic motor neurons fibers move from out ventral root to skeletal muscles in back, body wall, and limbs
Visceral motor neurons Preganglionic fibers move out ventral root to sympathetic ganglion; postganglionic fibers move to abdominal and thoracic viscera or smooth muscles in back, body wall, and limbs
Somatic sensory neuron fibers move to dorsal root ganglion via exteroceptors of back/body wall/limbs
Visceral sensory neuron fibers move to dorsal root ganglion via interoceptors of back/body wall/limbs
Dermatome bilateral region of skin surface monitored by single spinal nerve pairs
Cervical plexus (whats included and what it innervates) C1-C5 innervates neck muscles; phrenic nerve innervates diaphragm
Brachial plexus (what's included and what it innervates) C5-T1 innervates arm
Lumbar plexus (whats included and what it innervates) T12-L4 innervates hip, thigh, genitalia
Sacral plexus (whats included and what it innervates) L4-S4 innervates legs
Neuronal pools interconnected interneurons of CNS wiring pattern
Divergence neural circuit spreads fro one np to many np info quickly distributed
Convergence neural circuit many presynaptic neurons synapse on one postsynaptic neuron under conscious/subconscious control
Serial processing neural circuit info moves from one np to next in stepwise function
Parallel processing neural circuit several nps process info at the same time; complex reflexes take place
Reverberation neural circuit axon branch of np extend back to restimulate presynaptic neurons positive feedback
Reflex arc steps: 1. receptor revieves simulus 2. sensory neuron activated (reach threshold) 3. info process in CNS 4. mn activation 5. effector response
Somatic reflex inv. control of skeletal muscle
Autonomic reflex inv. control of smooth/cardiac muscle
Monosynaptic reflex one synapse, rapid response
Polysynaptic reflex more than one synapse, complex/delayed response
Monosynaptic stretch reflex stimulus and motor response occurs on same side (ipsilateral) receptor stretched-->muscle contracts
Polysynaptic flexor reflex ipsilateral response - pain-->flexor contracts/extensor relaxes on one side-->moves body away
Polysynaptic crossed extensor reflex stimulus and motor response occur on opposite sides - pain-->flexor contracts/extensor relaxes on one side, extensor contracts/flexor relaxes on other side-->moves body away
Created by: madelineyork
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