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Muscles & Bones
Anatomy for Lab Practicum
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abductors | Muscles on the hip that draw legs away from the midline of the body or of an extremity. |
| adductors | Muscles in the inguinal region that draw legs together or towards the midline of the body. |
| biceps brachii | prime mover muscle that flexes the arm at elbow |
| biceps femoris | prime mover muscle of the hamstring group (posterior thigh); flexes leg at the knee |
| brachialis | synergist muscle that flexes the arm at elbow |
| calcaneus | heel bone |
| carpals | wrist bones |
| cervical vertebrae | 7 spinal bones at the neck |
| clavicle | collar bone |
| coccyx | four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone; inferior to the sacrum |
| deltoid | shoulder muscle |
| depressor | pulls corners of mouth towards the chin; prime mover muscle in frowning |
| extensors | Muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, ankle, foot, toes, and fingers to form a straight line. |
| external oblique | most superficial muscle of the abdominal region |
| femur | proximal leg bone |
| fibula | The lateral and smaller bone of the distal leg |
| fibularis longus | lateral distal leg muscle attached to the fibula; synergist muscle that plantar flexes the foot |
| flexors | Muscles that bend the joints at the wrist, hand, ankle, foot, toes, and fingers. |
| frontal | skull bone located at the forehead |
| frontalis | raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead |
| gastrocnemius | calf muscle; prime mover muscle that plantar flexes foot |
| gluteus maximus | largest butt muscle |
| gluteus medius | 2nd largest butt muscle; abducts and medially rotates thigh |
| gluteus minimus | smallest butt muscle |
| humerus | proximal arm bone |
| hyoid | a U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue; slightly protects the larynx & trachea; where your "adam's apple" is located |
| ilium | hip portion of the hip bone |
| intercostals | muscles between the ribs |
| internal oblique | muscle just deep of the external oblique |
| ischium | the curved bone forming the base of each half of the pelvis. |
| lumbar vertebrae | 5 spinal bones at the lower back |
| mandible | lower jaw bone |
| masseter | closes jaw; prime mover in chewing; strongest muscle in the human body (by pounds per force) |
| maxilla | upper jaw bone |
| metacarpals | bones of the hand |
| metatarsals | foot bones |
| occipital | skull bone located on the back of head |
| occipitalis | pulls scalp posteriorly |
| orbicularis oculi | Closes eyelids; used in blinking, winking, and squinting |
| orbicularis oris | kissing muscle, puckers lips |
| parietal | skull bone located on the top of head |
| patella | kneecap |
| pectoralis major | Adducts and flexes humerus; chest muscle; prime mover muscle when birds flap their wings to fly |
| pectoralis minor | synergist muscle of the pectoralis major |
| pelvis | hip bone; includes the ilium, pubic, and ischium |
| phalanges | bones of the fingers and toes |
| platysma | thin muscle on the anterior & lateral sides of the neck; tenses skin of neck |
| pubic | genital region of the hip bones that holds the pelvic girdle together |
| radius | lateral bone of the forearm (thumb side) |
| rectus abdominis | abs; "6 or 8 pack"; prime mover muscle flexing the spine to do a sit up |
| rectus femoris | prime mover muscle of the quadriceps group (thigh); extends leg at the knee |
| sacrum | bone intermediate to the left and right pelvis that's formed from five vertebrae fused together near the base of the spinal column; the entire spine sets on this bone |
| sartorius | muscle that crosses your quads diagonally; Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at the hip; flexes knee |
| scapula | shoulder blade |
| semimembranosus | synergist muscle of the hamstring group (posterior thigh); lies deep of the semitendinosus and is named for its prominent membranes |
| semitendinosus | synergist muscle of the hamstring group (posterior thigh) named after the it's prominent tendon |
| soleus | deep of the calf muscle; synergist muscle that plantar flexes foot |
| sternocleidomastoid | flexes neck; rotates head; prime mover muscle of nodding and shaking your head; "yes/no" muscle |
| talus | ankle bone |
| tarsals | ankle bones |
| temporal | skull bone located at the side of head |
| temporalis | elevates and retracts mandible; slightly moves ears |
| thoracic vertebrae | 12 spinal bones that provide attachment points for the ribs |
| tibia | shin bone |
| tibialis anterior | shin muscle; prime mover muscle of dorsiflexion of the foot |
| transversus abdominis | side abs |
| trapezius | largest muscle of the posterior neck & superior back; Elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula; rotates the arm |
| triceps brachii | muscle that extends the arm at elbow |
| ulna | medial bone of the forearm (pinky side) |
| vastus lateralis | lateral synergist muscle of the quadriceps group (thigh) |
| vastus medialis | medial synergist muscle of the quadriceps group (thigh) |
| zygomatic | cheek bone |
| zygomaticus | raises corner of mouth; prime mover in smiling |
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