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American Democracy

Study guide for test 2 (chapters 8-10)

TermDefinition
Political party An organization that sponsors candidates for political office under the organizations name
Functions of political parties -Nominate the candidates -Structure our voting choice -propose legislation/policies -coordinate the actions of government officials
History of our party system 1. Democratic Republicans -Jefferson 2. Democrats- Jackson (1828) 3. Democrats and Republicans - Lincoln
Critical ELection An election that produces a sharp change in the existing pattern of party loyalties among groups of voters
Electoral realignment The change od voting patterns that occurs after a critical election (Central Issue, opposition, Leadership failure, new division, loyalty)
Party conventions event that sponsors the upcoming candidates for the presidential election
Party Platforms Formal statement of the principle and goals that a political party or candidate supports and presents to the pubic
National Committee A committee of a political party composed of party chairpersons and party officials from every state
Congressional Party Conference A meeting to select party leaders and decide committee assignments held at the beginning of a session of congress by republicans or democrats in each chamber
Congressional Campaign Committee An organization maintained by a political party to raise funds to support its own candidates in congressional elections.
Responsible party governments four principles -present clear and coherent programs -voters should choose candidates on basis of party programs -winning party should carry out programs -voters should hold party responsible once in office
Closed primary have to be a member of political party to vote
Open primary Do not have to be a member of political party to vote (choice)
Caucuses Method used to select delegates to attend a parties national convention.
Incumbent Person who is re-running for office (ex: past presidents)
Challenger Person running for office that hasn't previously been in office before
Straight ticket voting voting for a single parties candidates for all the offices
Split-ticket voting Voting for candidates from different parties for different offices
Federal Election Commission A federal agency of 6 members that oversees the financing of national campaigns.
Interets group organized group of individuals trying to influence public policy. (lobby)
Functions of interest groups -allow for representation -allow participation -provide education (members, general public, lawmakers) -agenda building -program monitoring
Pluralism people with different interests, beliefs, and lifestyles, will coexist peacefully and be allowed to participate in the governing process
Different types of Interest Groups - Business Groups - Professional Associations- - Trade Associations -Citizens Groups: free riders
501c(4) organizations - Social welfare organizations - collecting money -ads, events
Individual campaign contributions -PAC limited to giving campaign no more than $5,000 -Individual : Limited to about $2,800 every 2 years, $10,000 per year to state party, $35,000 to national party per year, and no more than $130,000 per year
How interest groups influence policy - Members - Lobbyists - Political Action Committees (PACs)
Resources of interest groups - Members - Expertise - Organizational Competence - Access - Moral Force - MONEY
Direct lobbying Personal contact with the policymakers
Grassroots Lobbying Attempt to affect public policy (citizen contact or pressure)
Information campaigns Organized effort to gain public backing by bringing a groups veiws to public attention
Created by: IyannaHampton04
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