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Bones Anatomy
Overview
| Names | Definitions |
|---|---|
| Atom | Invisible particle thzt combines other atoms to compose a molecule. |
| Molecule | Invisible particle that combines with other molecules to combine a cell. |
| Cell | Microscopic unit composed of molecules in structural and dissolved forms, combines with other cells to compose tissues. |
| Tissue | microscopic unit composed of cells that perform a common function; combines with ither tissues to form an organ. |
| Dorsal Cavity | Back portion of the body, smaller of the two major cavities. |
| Cranial Cavity | Houses the brain, surrounded by the skull |
| Spinal Cavity | Houses the spinal cord, surrounded by sections of the vertebrae |
| Ventral Cavity | Located at the front of the body, larger of the two cavities. |
| Thoracic Cavity | Encloses the lungs and a region between the lungs called the mediastinum. |
| Abdominal Cavity | Has three suddivisions, the upper and lower abdominal regions, and the pelvic region. |
| Oral Cavity | Contains teeth and tongue |
| Nasal Cavity | Within the nose |
| Orbital Cavities | Contain the eye and associated nerves and muscles. |
| Middle Ear Cavities | Contain middle ear bones. |
| Body Sections | (blank) |
| Saggital Section | Lengthwise cut that divides the body into left and right sections. |
| Transverse Section | Crosscut dividing the body into upper and lower parts. |
| Frontal Section | Lenghtwise cut that divides the body into front and back sections. |
| Body Systems | (blank) |
| Integumentary System | Skin and accessory organs of hair, nails, and various glands: functions to protect underlying tissues; helps regulate temperature. |
| Skeletal System | Bones, ligaments, cartilages; functions to protect tissues; permits muscle attachment, synthesizes blood components. |
| Muscular System | muscles; functions to permit muscle movement. |
| Nervous System | Brain, spinal cord and nerves; |
| Body Systems | (blank) |
| Integumentary system | skin and accessory organs of hair,nails, and various glands; function is to protect underlying tissues, helps regulate temperature. |
| Skeletal system | bones, ligaments, catilages; functions is to protect tissues, permits muscle attachment, synthesizes blood components. |
| Muscular system | muscles; function is to permit movement. |
| Nervous system | brain, spinal cord, and nerves; function is to communicate and coordinate. |
| Endocrine system | hormone secreting glands; functions is to communicate coordinate. |
| Digestive system | mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, and others; functions is to receive foods and convert them to useable forms. |
| Respiratory system | nasal cavity, trachea, lungs, and others; function is in gas exchange. |
| Circulatory system | heart, arteries, veins, blood; functions in transport of gasas, foods, hormones, waste, and other materials. |
| Lymphatic system | lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymph, and others; function in food transport and body defense against disease. |
| Urinary system | kidneys, ureters, bladder, and others; functions in waste removal and fluid electrolyte balance. |
| Reproductive system | male and female reproductive organs; functions in the production of the next generation. |
| Cell Structure | (blank) |
| Cell structure | the cell consists of a mass of cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane; the cytoplasm contains a fluid called the cytosol and a number of microscopic structures called organelles. |
| Membranous Organelles: | (blank) |
| Nucleus | large chromosome-containing organelle where the genes reside and where the genetic information for protein synthesis is found; surrounded by a two-layer nuclear membrane; composed of DNA and histone protein. |
| Mitochondrion | sausage-shaped organelle where the chemical reactions of energy metabolism takes place. |
| Endoplasmic reticulum (E R) | a network of intracellular membranes where proteins are synthesized; rough ER has ribosomes, smooth ER has no ribosomes. |
| Golgi complex | a series of saclike membranes where the body secretions are packaged and stored. |
| Lysosomes | vesicles filled with digestive enzymes. |
| Peroxisomes | vesicles filled with various enzymes. |
| Nonmembranous Organelles: | (blank) |
| Cytoskeleton | the scaffold-like framework of the cell; composed of threadlike microfilaments; microtubules, and thick and thin filaments. |
| Centrioles | dotlike bodies that direct the movement of DNA during cell division; contained in the structure called centrosome. |
| Cilia | short hair-like structures that wave about and create currents to move fluids past a cell. |
| Flagella | long, hairlike structures that move a cell through a fluid. |
| Ribosomes | dotlike ultramicroscopic bodies where ammino acids are assembled to form proteins during protein synthesis. |
| Cell membrane | a double layer of phospholipids in which protein globules float; conforms to the fluid mosiac model. |
| Molecular Movement: | (blank) |
| Diffusion | the movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration; usually takes place with small, inorganic ions and lipid-soluble materials. |
| Facilitated-diffusion | the movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration assisted by carrier molecules; takes place with gluclose and ammino acids during flow accross the cell membrane. |
| Osmosis | the diffusion of water molecules accross a semipermiable membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration; occurs only with water. |
| Active transport | the movement of molecules accross a cell membrane assisted by carrier molecules and dependent upon the expenditure of energy; works regardless of any concentration gradient; operates for sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and other ions. |
| Filtration | the movement of water accross a cell membrane by hydrostatic pressure; usually involves a solute dissolved in the water; requires membrane, operates with water and small ions. |
| Endocytosis | the movement of molecules accross a membrane by the creation of vesicles containing fluid or solid material; movements of fluids are called pinocytosis; movements of solids are called phagocytosis, requires expenditure of energy. |
| Cellular Attachments: | (blank) |
| Gap junction | one in which two cells are held together by interlocking membrane proteins; occurs in cardiac muscle and smooth muscle tissues. |
| Tight junction | one in which there is a partial fusion of the lipoproteins of two cell membranes; the strongest intracellular connections; occurs near the exposed surfaces of cells lining the digestive tract. |
| Desmosome | a junction where a very thin proteoglycan layer exists between the opposing cell membranes and is reinforced by a network of intermediate filaments that lock the two cells together; very strong junction that resists stretching and twisting; exists between |
Created by:
ron snyder
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