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A&P- Chapter 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cerebrum | largest region; conscious thoughts, memory, intellect |
| Gyri | Ridges |
| Sulci | shallow depressions |
| Fissures | deeper grooves |
| Cerebellum | second largest region, adjusts movement based on experience; balance |
| What three structures are a part of the diencephalon? | Thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland |
| What is the difference between thalamus and hypothalamus? | Thalamus: relays sensory/motor info; filter for incoming info to primary sensory cortex; emotional awareness Hypothalamus: emotions, hormone production; emotions, hormone production |
| Pituitary gland | hormone production |
| What three structures are a part of the brain stem? | Mesencephalon, pons, medulla oblongata |
| Mesencephalon | processes visual/auditory info |
| Pons | relays sensory info to cerebellum and thalamus subconscious somatic/visceral motor control |
| Medulla oblongata | relays sensory info to thalamus; regulates autonomic functions |
| CNS starts as a ________ __________ _________. | Fluid filled tube |
| Within brain embryology, the prosencephalon (forebrain) gives rise to _____________. | cerebrum/diencephalon |
| Within brain embryology, the mesencephalon (midbrain) gives rise to ________________. | mesencephalon |
| Within brain embryology, rhombencephalon (hindbrain) gives rise to _____________. | Cerebellum, pons, medulla |
| Ventricles are lined with __________ _________ and are filled with _______. | ependymal cells; CSF |
| Where are the lateral ventricles located and what are they separated by? | Located in each cerebral hemisphere; separated by septum pelucidum |
| Where is the third ventricle located and how is it connected to the lateral ventricles? | Located in diencephalon; connected to LV via inter ventricular foramen |
| How is the fourth ventricle connected to the 3rd ventricle? | Via mesencephalic (cerebral) aqueduct |
| Meninges | Membranes surround CNS surfaces |
| Dura mater | first layer; double layer that binds bone and arachnoid mater; sinus between |
| Arachnoid mater | middle layer; has trabecular extending to Pia mater; spiderweb like appearance; subarachnoid space filled with CSF |
| Pia meter | outer layers; thin layer on brain surface; extends into sulci |
| Dural folds | supportive folds of dura mater with sinuses |
| Falx cerebri | separates cerebral hemispheres; tissue to fill grooves; longitudinal fissure also separates |
| tentorium Cerebelli | separates cerebellum and cerebrum; tissue to fill grooves; transverse cerebral tissue separates both as well |
| Falx cerebelli | separates cerebellar hemispheres |
| Choroid plexus | produces CSF in ventricles; circulates through ventricles, subarachnoid space, and central canal |
| Blood brain barrier | neural tissue isolated from general circulation; capillaries have tight junctions, astrocytes regulate permeability |
| Blood CSF barrier | epyndemal cells with tight junctions surround capillaries of choroid plexus |
| Gray matter (medulla) | consists of autonomic nuclei; unmyelinated, material that processes |
| Autonomic nuclei | Cardiovascular center controls heart rate; respiratory rhythmicity center controls respiratory rate |
| white matter (medulla) | myelinated; involves sending signals from point A to B; links brain and spine |
| Gray matter (pons) | involves respiratory nuclei |
| Respiratory nuclei | apneustic and pneumotaxic centers modify respiratory rate via medulla |
| white matter (pons) | links to cerebellum |
| Gray matter (cerebellum) | consists of cerebellar cortex |
| Cerebellar cortex | body movement; balance/equilibrium |
| White matter (cerebellum) | Amber vitae connects with the brain stem |
| Gray matter (mesencephalon) | Superior colliculi process visual info Inferior colliculi process auditory info |
| White matter (mesencephalon) | Links to primary motor cortex, thalamus, and spine |
| Limbic system | establishes emotional states/drives and associated behaviors |
| Gray matter (cerebrum) | Primary motor cortex, primary sensory cortex, Primary visual cortex, primary auditory cortex, primary olfactory cortex, association cortices |
| Primary motor cortex | directs voluntary control over skeletal muscle Ex. writing down notes |
| Primary sensory cortex | receives info wrt touch, pain, taste. pressure, vibration, temp |
| Association Cortices | interpret info; with each primary cortex |
| White matter (cerebrum) | corpus collosum links hemispheres |
| Left hemisphere | Speech/interpretive centers Language-based/analytical skills |
| Right hemisphere | Face recognition; emotional context of conversation |
| Electroencephalogram (EEG) | monitor electrical patterns of brain |
| Alpha waves | in resting, healthy adults |
| Beta waves | during stress/concentration |
| Theta waves | in children, sleeping adults |
| Delta waves | in infants, indicate disorder in adults |
| What number is the olfactory cranial nerve and what does it do? | I; smell |
| What number is the optic cranial nerve and what does it do? | II; vision |
| What number is the oculomotor nerve and what does it do? | III; eyelid/eyeball movement |
| What number is the trochlear nerve and what does it do? | IV; turns eye downward and laterally |
| What number is the trigeminal nerve and what does it do? | V; chewing, face/mouth touch and pain |
| What number is the abducens nerve and what does it do? | VI; turns eye laterally |
| What number is the facial nerve and what does it do? | VII; facial expressions, taste, saliva, and tear secretion |
| What number is the vestibulochochlear nerve and what does it do? | VIII; hearing and equilibrium sensation |
| What number is the glossopharyngeal nerve and what does it do? | IX; taste, sensing blood pressure within carotid artery |
| What number is the vagus nerve and what does it do? | X; taste. senses aerobic BP, slows HR, stimulates digestive organs |
| What number is the accessory nerve and what does it do? | XI; swallowing, sternocleidomastoid and trapezoid |
| What is the hypoglossal nerve and what does it do? | XII; tongue movements |
Created by:
madelineyork
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