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Concept Dis. Ch.22
Pancreas & Diabetes Mellitus
Question | Answer |
---|---|
combination of 2carbon acetate fragments w/complex organic compound coenzyme A | acetyl coenzyme A |
glucagon-secreting cells of pancreatic islets | alpha cells |
metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia & caused by insufficient insulin secretion/utilization of insulin | diabetes mellitus |
disturbance of body's acid-base balance | acidosis |
acidosis caused by inability to utilize glucose, requiring body's use of fat as energy source | diabetic ketosis |
fat metabolism generates excessive amounts of acid ketone bodies which disrupts the normal | alkalinity of body fluids |
long, straight-chain carbon compound containing terminal carboxyl group, which enters into formation of triglyceride | fatty acid |
during pregnancy elevated hormones result from elevated blood glucose caused by insulin resistance | gestational diabetes |
postpartum blood glucose returns to normal but women with gestational diabetes have an increased risk of | diabetes later in life |
storage form of glucose present chiefly in liver & muscle | glycogen |
hemoglobin with glucose molecules permanently attached | glycosylated hemoglobin |
glycosylated hemoglobin concentration is related to concentration of | glucose in the blood |
excessively high blood glucose concentration | hyperglycemia |
coma resulting from neurologic dysfunction due to severe hypoglycemia causes hyperosmolarity of body fluids | hyperosmolar coma |
lower than normal blood glucose concentration | hypoglycemia |
cluster of endocrine cells in pancreas | islets of Langerhans |
various derivatives of acetyl-CoA resulting from excessive mobilization of fat as an energy source | ketone bodies |
acetoacetic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, & acetone | acetyl-CoA derivatives in ketone bodies |
excess of ketone bodies in blood resulting from utilization of fat as primary source of energy | ketosis |
pancreas excretes digestive enzymes through the | pancreatic duct |
hemorrhaging, elevated blood levels of pancreatic enzymes, & abdominal pain are all symptoms of | acute pancreatitis |
diabetes, digestive difficulties, & scarring of the pancreas are all possible outcomes of | recurrent mild acute pancreatitis |
cystic fibrosis affects | respiratory mucous, digestive enzymes, & sweat |
hereditary disease where gene mutation causes defective transport across cell membranes of chloride, sodium, & water molecules in which they are dissolved | cystic fibrosis |
Hyperglycemia results from elevated blood concentrations of | glucose |
characterized by an inadequate response to insulin as opposed to reduced insulin secretion | maturity-onset diabetes |
Risk factor predisposing a patient to Cystic Fibrosis and Type 1 & 2 Diabetes is | genetic predisposition |
glucose that has accumulated in the blood of a diabetic will be excreted through the | urine |
possible outcomes are diabetic acidosis, coma, & diabetic acidosis for | ketosis |
urine tests & blood glucose measurements must be done frequently to monitor and control | diabetes |
in addition to ketoacidosis & diabetic coma diabetes can also lead to | arteriosclerosis & susceptibility to infections |
insulin-dependent, autoimmune disease, can lead to blindness, ketoacidosis, kidney damage & higher than normal glycosylated hemoglobin test | type 1 diabetes |
responds to oral drugs to lower blood glucose, diet & exercise controlled, & can lead to blindness, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma, & damage to kidneys, & higher than normal glycosylated hemoglobin test | type 2 diabetes |
gallstone & excessive consumption of alcohol can | predispose to pancreatitis |