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Ch 10 Vocab
the digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abdominocentesis | surgical puncture through the abdominal wall to remove fluid; also known as paracentesis |
| Anorexia nervosa | emotional eating disorder in which the patient avoids food due to a compulsion to become thin in appearance |
| antacid | an agent that reduces the acidity of the stomach cavity |
| Antiemetic | a drug that prevents or stops the vomiting reflex |
| antispasmodic | a drug that reduces peristalsis activity in the GI tract |
| Aphagia | inability to swallow; means without eating |
| appendectomy | surgical removal of the appendix |
| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix |
| ascites | an accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity that produces an enlarged abdomen |
| botulism | life-threatening food-borne illness caused by clostridium botulinum |
| bulimia | eating disorder involving repeated gorging with food followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse |
| cathartic | An agent that stimulates strong waves of peristalsis of the colon |
| cheilitis | inflammation of the lip |
| cheilorrhaphy | procedure of suturing a lip |
| cheilosis | condition of the lip that involves splitting of the skin on the lips and at the corners of the mouth |
| cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the gallbladder |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder, usually caused by gallstones lodged within it |
| cholecystography | procedure of producing an X-ray image, or cholecystogram, of the gallbladder |
| choledochitis | inflammation of the common bile duct |
| choledocholithiasis | presence of stones within the common bile duct |
| choledocholithotomy | surgery that involves the removal of one or more obstructive gallstones from the common bile duct |
| cholelithiasis | generalized condition of stones lodged within the gallbladder or bile ducts |
| cirrhosis | chronic, progressive live disease characterized by the gradual loss of liver cells and their replacement by fat and other forms of connective tissue |
| cleft palate | a congenital defect in which the bones supporting the roof of the mouth or hard palate, fail to fuse during fetal development, leaving a space between the oral cavity and nasal cavity |
| colectomy | surgical removal of a segment of the colon |
| colitis | inflammation of the colon; chronic bleeding- bloody diarrhea- ulcerative colitis |
| colorectal cancer | cancer of the colon and the rectum; often arises as a polyp and becomes an aggresive metastatic tumor |
| colostomy | surgical creation of an opening in the colon to serve as an artificial anus |
| constipation | infrequent or incomplete bowel movements |
| crohn's disease | chornic inflammation of any part of the GI tract that involves ulcerations, scar tissue formation, and thickening adhesions of the organ wall, also known as regional ileitis and regional enteritis |
| Diarrhea | frequent discharge of watery fecal material |
| direct inguinal hernia | type of hernia that is a protrusoin into the scrotal cavity in males |
| diverticula | small pouches that form on the wall of the colon; often present without symptoms or with mild bowel discomfort known as diverticulosis |
| diverticulitis | condition of inflammation of divertucula, the small pouches on the wall of the colon |
| diverticulosis | presence of small pouches called diverticula on the wall of the colon; pften without symptoms or with mild bowel discomfort |
| duodenal ulcer | ulcer or erosion in the wall of the duodenum of the small intestine |
| dysentery | acute inflammation of the GI tract that is caused by bacteria, protozoa, or chemical irritants |
| dyspepsia | commonly called indigestion, it is accompanied by stomach or esophageal pain or discomfort |
| dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing |
| enteritis | inflammation of the small or large intestine |
| esophagitis | inflammation of the esophagus often caused by acid reflux |
| esophagomalacia | morbid softening of the esophageal wall caused by chronic esophagitis |
| fecal occult blood test ( FOBT) | clinical lab test performed to detect blood in the feces |
| flatulence | gas expelled through the anus |
| flatus | presence of gas or air in the GI tract |
| food-born illness | ingestion of food contaminated with harmful bacteria; can cause symptoms of diarrhea and vomiting;clostidium botulinum causes the food-borne illness know as botulism |
| GI endoscopy | visual examination of the GI tract made possible by the use of an endoscope |
| GI series | radiographic examination of the GI tract barium swallow, barium shake, or barium meal ( upper gi) or barium enema (BE) ( lower GI) |
| Gastralgia | another term for gastrodynia or stomach pain |
| gastrectasis | abnormal streching of the stomach |
| gastrectomy | surgical removal of part of the stomach or, in extreme cases, the entire organ |
| gastric cancer | an aggressive, metastatic cancer arising from cells lining the stomach; commonly known as stomach cancer |
| gastric lavage | cleansing procedure in which the stomach is irrigated with the prescribed solution |
| Gastric ulcer | ulcer or erosion in the wall of the stomach |
| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| gastroduodenitis | inflammation of the stomach and the duodenum, the first segment of the small intestine |
| gastrodynia | symptoms of stomach pain, also known as gastralgia |
| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and small intestine |
| gastroenterocolitis | inflammation of the stomach, small intestine, and colon |
| gastroenterologist | physician who treats disease of the stomach or intestines |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | recurring reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus |
| gastromalacia | softening of the stomach wall |
| gastromegaly | abnormal enlargement of the stomach |
| gavage | process of feeding a patient through a tube inserted into the nose that extends through the esophagus to enter the stomach |
| Giardiasis | infection by the intestinal protozoa giardia intestinalis or giardia lamblia: produces symptoms of diarrhea, cramps, nausea and vomiting |
| gingivectomy | surgical removal of diseased tissue in the gums or gingiva |
| gingivitis | inflammation of the gums or gingiva |
| glossitis | inflammation of the tongue often caused by exposure to allergen, toxic substances, or extreme heat or cold |
| glossopathy | disease of the tongue |
| glossorrhaphy | surgical repair of the tongue |
| halitosis | condition of bad breath |
| head and neck specialist | physician who treats disease of the mouth or throat |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood,a sign of sever digestive disorder |
| hemmorrhoidectomy | surgical removal of hemmorrhoids |
| hemorrhoids | varicose, or swollen, condition of the veins in the anus that produces painful swelling that may break open and bleed |
| hepatitis | viral-induced inflammation of the liver; the five known forms are categorized with the letters A through E |
| hepatobiliary specialist | physician who treats disease of the liver |
| hepatoma | tumor arising from cells within the liver; also called hepatocellular carcinoma or HCC |
| hepatomegaly | abnormal enlargement of the liver |
| hiatal hernia | protrusion of the cardiac portion of the stomach through the hiatus of the diaphragm to enter the thoracic cavity |
| lleostomy | surgical creation of an opening through the abdominal wall and into the ileum of the small intestine to establish an alternative anus for the passage of feces |
| inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | includes the conditions uncerative colitis and crohn's disease |
| inguinal hernia | type of hernia that involves a protrusion of a segment of the intestine through the abdominal wall in the inguinal region |
| internal medicine | area of medicine that treats digestive disorders |
| intusseusception | condition of infolding of a segment of the small intestine within another segment |
| irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | Chronic disease characterized by periodic disturbances or large intestinal bowel function without clear physical damage |
| jaundice | yellowish-orange coloration of the skin, sclera or the eyes, and deeper tissues that is collective sign of liver disease |
| Lactose intolerance | lack of an enzyme in the small intestine that breaks down lactose, the primary sugar in milk and milk products |
| Laparotomy | surgical procedure that involves an incision through the abdominal wall, often from the base of the sternum to the pubic bone |
| lipopenia | life-threatening malabsorption snydrome that involves the inability to absorb fat molecules |
| malabsorption syndrome | disorder characterized by difficulty in absorbing one or more nutrients |
| Mumps | common term for parotitis; inflammation of one or both parotid glands that is caused by a virus |
| Nausea | symptom of dizziness that includes an urge to vomit |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| parotitis | inflammation of one or both parotid glands; if caused by a virus, it is usually referred to as mumps |
| peptice ulcer | erosion into the inner wall of an organ along the GI tract |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the extensive membrane that lines the inner wall of the abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of its organs |
| polyp | abnormal mass of tissue that projects from the wall of the organ into the interior like a mushroom |
| polypectomy | surgical removal of polyps |
| polyposis | condition of polyps usually occurring in the colon or rectum of the large intestine; increase the risk for colorectal cancer |
| proctitis | inflammation of the anus, and usually the rectum as well |
| proctologist | physician who treats disease of the rectum |
| proctoptosis | prolapse of the rectum |
| pyloroplasty | surgical repair of the pylorus region of the stomach, which may include repair of the pyloric valve |
| reflux | backward flow of the material in the GI tract; also known as regurgitation |
| regional enteritis | chronic inflammation of any part of the GI tract that involves ulcerations, scar tissue formation, and thickening adhesions of the organ wall; also known as regional ileitis or crohns disease |
| regional ileitis | chronic inflammation of any part of the GI tract |
| Sialoadenitis | inflammation of one or both parotid glans; also known as parotitis or mumps |
| steatorrhea | abnormal levels of fat in the feces; means discharge of fat |
| Stool culture and sensitivity (SCS) | test that includes obtaining tool (fecal) samples, using the samples to grow microorganisms in culture, and identifying the microorganisms |
| strangulated hernia | hernia that restricts blood flow to the protruding organ, requiring medical intervention to avoid the loss of the affected organ |
| ulcerative colitis | condition of chronice bleeding of the colon wall, forming bloody disrrhea; a form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) |
| umbilical hernia | hernia that involves a protrusion of a small intestinal segment through a tear in the membrane covering the abdominal wall at the umbilical (navel) region |
| vagotomy | the surgical dissection of branches of the vagus nerve to reduce acid secretion in the stomach |
| volvulus | servere twisting of the intestine that leads to obstruction |
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