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HPR 112
Final Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Battery is defined as: | Intentionally touching a person without authorization to do so. |
| Why is patient confidentiality so important? | A patient will be more inclined to be open with medical information if they feel safe and comfortable with the treatment and knowing their information is safe and secure. |
| An ethical theory based on moral obligation or commitment to others is__________. | Deontology |
| An ethical theory that considers self-interest the goal of human action is ___________. | Egoism |
| The monitoring of patterns and trends in the health care environment to assure the safety of client's and employees is called? | Risk Management |
| An ethical theory based on the assumption that the least advantaged are the norm, with income, liberty, opportunity, and self-respect distributed equally is called. | Social Contract |
| Ethica theory that determines right or good based on an action's consequences. | Teleology |
| Values are considered__________. | strongly held personal and professional beliefs about worth and importance |
| The philosophical study that examines values, actions, and choices to determine right and wrong is called. | Ethics |
| The main purpose of ____________ is to encourage communication at an intimate level between a professional and a customer. | Confidentiality |
| T/F - A customer may legally refuse treatment. | True |
| T/F - A Phlebotomist may draw a patient's blood even if they don't want it drawn. | False |
| A phlebotomist collects blood samples by three techniques: | Venipuncture, Arterial puncture, Capillary puncture |
| A bill of rights for patients is designed to protect such rights as: | Privacy, confidentiality, and refusal of treatment |
| Federal agency that develops and promotes occupational safety and health standards, develops and issues regulations, conducts investigations/inspections, issues citations & penalties for noncompliance with safety and health standards and regulations. | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) |
| Specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protections against hazard. | Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) |
| The approach to infection control that considers all human blood and certain body fluids as infectious and handles them as such is called. | Universal body substance precautions |
| An object that can penetrate the skin, such as needles, scalpels, broken glass, broken capillary tubes or lancets are considered _________. | Sharps |
| Pathogens may enter the phlebotomist’s body through | Contamination from patient’s body fluids in open cuts or abrasions or transfer of patient’s body fluids into mucous membranes or eyes. |
| What has tactics has OSHA developed to reduce the risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens? | Engineering controls, Work practices, Personal protective equipment, Housekeeping, Hepatitis B vaccination |
| ___________ has been identified as the single most important means of preventing the spread of nosocomial infections. | Hand washing |
| If needles must be recapped, the appropriate method of recapping is? | One-handed method |
| Gloves, Masks, Gowns/Lab coats, Face shields, Goggles are examples of what? | Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) |
| Phlebotomists must wear gloves when? | There is a potential for them to come in contact with blood, potentially infectious material, mucous membranes, or non-intact skin |
| What steps should be taken when dealing with a blood spill. | Dispose of sharps in sharps container, absorb blood, wipe area, clean with appropriate strength approved cleaner,rinse area with clean gauze/rag soaked in water, dispose of all materials in appropriate biohazard container, use wet floor signs if needed. |
| 5 steps to treat an accidental needle-stick incident. | make situation safe, cover needle, induce bleeding of puncture site, - milk it, scrubs hands with soap/water, obtain patient name, complete incident report, notify supervisor. |
| __________ is a tubular, muscular, and elastic-walled vessel that carries blood from the heart through the body. | Artery |
| The heart contains 4 chambers, the two on the top that receive blood from the veins and force it to the ventricles are called? | The atria |
| ______ connect arterioles with venules. | Capillaries |
| Cessation of bleeding or the formation of a clot is called what? | Coagulation |
| The resting phase of the heart's cardiac cycle is called? | Diastole |
| The contraction phase of the heart's cardiac cycle is called? | Systole |
| The process of coagulation, or clot formation, that repairs vessel damage and stops blood loss is called? | Hemostasis |
| ____________ is a white blood cell. | Leukocyte |
| ______ is a white blood cell produced in lymphatic tissues is called? | Lymphocyte |
| _________ is a white blood cell produced in the bone marrow is called? | Monocyte |
| What is disease producing agent called? | Pathogen |
| What is the largest vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body? | aorta |
| This is a small terminal branch of an artery that ends in capillaries. | Arteriole |
| __________ is the formation of blood cells in the body. | Hematopoiesis |
| A red blood cell is called? | Erythrocyte |
| The yellow fluid component of the blood is called? | Plasma |
| The flow of blood to the lungs is ___________ circulation. | Pulmonary |
| a platelet is also called what? | Thrombocyte |
| The outer-most layer of the artery wall is called? | Tunica adventitia |
| The middle layer of the artery wall is called? | Tunic media |
| The inner-most layer of the artery wall is called? | Tunica intima |
| This vessel carries blood back to the heart. | Vein |
| The two chambers at the bottom of the heart are called? | Ventricles |
| A small vein connecting the capillaries to larger systemic veins is a? | Venule |
| Blood that is depleted of oxygen is carried by ___________. | Veins |
| Venipuncture is ____________________. | The puncturing of a vein with the purpose of withdrawing blood. |
| Battery is? | Intentionally touching a person without their permission to do so. |
| The protected right of a health care professional not to disclose information pertaining to a customer obtained during the delivery of heath care services is called? | Confidentiality |
| Human dignity, privacy, confidentiality, informed consent and refusal of treatment are examples of what? | Patient's Bill of Rights |
| A skin puncture is also called what? | Capillary puncture |
| Puncturing the femoral, radial, or brachial artery with the purpose of obtaining an arterial blood sample is called what? | arterial puncture |
| What code will be called in the event of a missing infant/child/person abduction? | Code Adam |
| Code Black stands for what type of emergency? | External Disaster in the area. |
| In the event of a Bomb threat the following code will be called? | Code Orange |
| In the event of a hazardous materials spill, the following code will be called. | Code Haz |
| Code Gray is called when? | When there is a tornado in the area. |
| A patient is in cardiac or respiratory arrest...what code should you call? | Code Blue |
| What code do you call for an out-of-control person? | Code 4 |
| What does Code Red stand for? | Fire or Fire Drill |
| What is the most common cause of death in a fire? | Smoke |
| Why should you remember PASS in regards to a portable fire extinguisher? | Pull the pin, Aim the extinguisher at base of flame, Squeeze the trigger, Sweep the extinguisher from side to side, covering the area of the fire. |
| Why shouldn't a patient wear colored social causes bracelets when they are being treated in the hospital. | Because the bracelet could be confused with the Safety colored bracelets used in the hospital. If a patient were wearing a purple cause bracelet, it could be confused with a DNR bracelet. |
| How should a patient be properly identified in the hospital? | by two unique identifiers, such as Name and Date of birth |
| What does AMT stand for? | American Medical Technologist |
| What does ASCP stand for? | American Society of Clinical Pathologists |
| ASPT stands for? | American Society of Phlebotomy Technicians |
| NPA stands for? | National Phlebotomy Association |
| IAPS stands for? | International Academy of Phlebotomy Sciences |
| NCA stands for? | National Credentialing Agency |
| NIOSH stands for and does what? | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for prevention of work-related disease and injury. |
| Self-sheathing needles, vented safety hoods, auto claves , hard plastic specimen disposal units are all examples of what? | Engineering controls |
| How should a specimen container be transported? | In a sealed plastic bag. |
| Containers for sharps must be ________________. | Puncture-resistant |
| List the steps for proper hand-washing technique | Remove rings/watch. Run water - warm temp. Wet hands apply soap, scrub 10 - 15 sec. Clean under/around nail beds. Rinse from wrist to finger tips. Dry hands paper towel..then use towel to turn off water. Towel will protect hands from re-contamination. |
| Tissue that is swollen with excess fluids is considered to be what? | Edematous |
| Another name for a white blood cell is what? | Leukocyte |
| An aseptic environment is considered to be what? | Free from infection |
| What is an anticoagulant? | an agent that prevents coagulation |
| The yellow fluid that is part of blood is what? | Plasma |
| What is a nosocomial infection? | hospital acquired infection...obtained while staying in the hospital. |
| Respect, consideration, attention, manners are examples of what? | Courtesy |
| Readiness to provide prompt service demonstrates what? | Responsiveness |
| Appreciation, sensitivity, and comprehension demonstrate what? | Understanding |
| Anyone to whom a service or a product is provided is consider to be what? | The customer |
| Answering questions in a knowledgeable manner demonstrates what? | Responsiveness |
| Staying up to date on the new procedures and policies demonstrates what? | Competence |
| Reporting problems or potential problems to your supervisor demonstrates what? | Communication |
| Reliability may be demonstrated by what? | Providing accurate, dependable performance |
| an iron-containing protein pigment present in red blood cells is called what. | Hemoglobin |
| a disease-producing agent is called what? | Pathogen |
| A cell with granule-containing cytoplasm is called? | Granulocyte |
| Name the process for the formation of blood cells in the body. | Hematopoiesis |
| Name the largest artery that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through out the body. | Aorta |
| The small terminal branch of an artery that ends in capillaries. | Arteriole |
| A large leukocyte formed in bone marrow is called? | Monocyte |
| What vein connnects the basilic vein and the cephalic vein? | Median cubital |
| Oxygen is transported through the body by what? | Hemoglobin |
| What is pus? | A collection of leukocytes and bacteria |
| Granulocytes are divided into what? | Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils |
| Name the types of white blood cells. | Granulocytes (Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils) Monocytes and Lymphoctyes |
| Platelets are also called what? | Thrombocytes |
| Blood is classified as a what? | Connective tissue |
| The bevel of the needle is what part? | the slanted edge at the tip of the needle with the opening in it. |
| The clear, plastic section of the needle is called what? | The hub |
| What is the name of the device used for drawing out or injecting a quantity of fluid? | Syringe |
| This length of rubber or synthetic rubber is tied around the arm to arrest blood flow and increase venous filling...what is it called? | Tourniquet |
| A small surgical blade that is used to puncture the skin is called what? | Lancet |
| When we talk about the needle's bore size we are referring to its what? | gauge. |
| The larger the number the __________ the needle gauge (bore). | Smaller |
| An evacuation system that uses a double-pointed needle and collection tubes that contain a vacuum is called what? | Evacuated collection system |
| This collection system consists of a needle attached to tubing with a connector on the end which connects to a syringe or a needle holder. | Butterfly needle |
| A syringe is made up of __________ and __________? | Barrel and plunger |
| What color tube contains polymer gel/silica activator and is used for a serum specimen? | Red/grey (Tiger) |
| Sodium heparin is contained in a __________ color tube and is used for collecting a plasma specimen? | Green |
| A lavender colored tube contains ___________ and is used to collect a whole blood specimen. | EDTA |
| What color tube contains 2.1 mg of citric acid? | Lt Blue |
| What tube would you use to collect a Coagulation study? | Lt Blue |
| What tube would you use to collect blood for the blood bank? | Red |
| A red tube is used for what type of specimen? | Serum |
| What tube contains no additive and is used to collect Serum? | Red |
| What color tube contains citric acid and is used to collect a plasma specimen? | Lt Blue |
| A Lavender tube is used to collect a _____________ specimen and contains _________? | Whole blood, EDTA |
| What color tube is used by the blood bank to collect whole blood and contains EDTA? | Pink |
| The marble top tube is also known as a _________? | SST (Serum Separating Tube) |
| What does the separating gel in a collection tube do? | forms a barrier between the plasma or serum and the cells. |
| What decreases the clotting time of blood in a collection tube? | Clot activators |
| ___________ is made of loosely woven cotton. | Gauze |
| When is gauze used in the venipuncture procedure? | Immediately upon withdrawal of the needle from the patient's arm. |
| The tourniquet should be tied _____ inches above the venipuncture site if the hand or wrist area is to be used. | 3 - 4 |
| A tourniquet should only be applied for how long? | No longer than 1 min. |
| When should a syringe be used? | in conjunction with a butterfly or hyperdermic needle when veins are small and fragile. |
| What needs to be done to a syringe before using it on a patient? | Pull the plunger back and forth several times before inserting the needle into the patient's vein. |
| What additive is found in a lavender collection tube? | EDTA |
| What additive is found in a Blue collection tube? | Citrate |
| What additive is found in a Green collection tube? | Heparin |
| What additive is found in a Marble (red-brown) collection tube? | None |
| What additive is found in a Gray collection tube? | Sodium fluoride |
| ASAP means you should draw the patient when? | As soon as possible |
| Stat means you should draw the patient when? | At once, immediately |
| What is a hematoma? | a swelling or mass of blood, usually clotted, in an organ or tissue. |
| What does thrombosed mean? | Occluded, or blocked by a blood clot. |
| __________ is a lipoprotien that promotes blood clotting; found in platelets. | Thromboplastin |
| How should you identify an inpatient? | Compare the order form to the patient's identification bracelet. Ask the patient to state their name and date of birth. |
| How should you identify an outpatient? | Ask the patient to state their name and date of birth, compare this to the order form. |
| If the patient's name and date of birth do not match the order form, what should you do? | Do not collect the sample, report the discrepancy to the appropriate person. |
| How should the technician identify a vein for venipuncture? | Feel, roll, trace, palpate |
| __________ the vein with your index finger. | Feel |
| __________ your finger back and forth to determine the size of the vein. | Roll |
| _________ the vein to determine its path. | Trace |
| ___________ the vein to determine its resiliency (bounce). | Palpate |
| The first vein to assess would be the _________. | Median cubital |
| The second vein to assess would be the _________. | Cephalic |
| When a vein cannot be located, what should you do? | Apply hot, moist towels around the venipuncture site. |
| __________ will cause the vein to dilate. | Heat |
| List complicating factors for selection of a venipuncture site. | IV therapy, Mastectomy, Hematoma, Scar tissue, Fistula/cannula, Thrombosed veins, Edematous arms or hands, Blood transfusions. |
| ASAP orders have priority over _________ orders. | Routine |
| You should not draw specimens above an IV site because? | Blood will be diluted with the fluid being administered. |
| Specimens should not be collected from a hematoma because? | It is painful for the patient and may result in erroneous test results. |
| A good healthy vein feels _______ to the touch. | Bouncy |
| Explain the Universal Body Substance Precautions | Interaction-driven system that assumes all blood and all bodily fluids of all patients are potentially infectious. |
| Increased nervousness, respiration, slow/weak pulse, decreased blood pressure, pallor and mild sweating, nausea and vomiting are symptoms of what? | Pre-fainting |
| How should you treat a patient who has fainted? | Arouse the patient with an amonia capsule, give them fluids, have them breathe into a paper bag, and loosen the client's clothing. |
| Describe how to activate the butterfly safety. | Push forward on the yellow plastic while pulling back on the tubing. |
| List ways that can be used to make a vein more prominent. | Apply a warm cloth or chemical heat pack to the venipuncture site, use a blood pressure cuff, tap the veins gently, use an alcohol pad on the area. |
| What is the proper direct of the bevel of the needle when doing a blood draw and why is it done this way? | Upward position to allow for the blood to flow freely into the needle. |
| Why do we put some specimens on ice before we send them to the lab? | Ice slows down the metabolic process to provide more accurate results. |
| Why do we invert the tube gently after filling it with blood? | So we don't rupture the red blood cells (hemolysis) and realease the red pigment which can affect the test results. |
| If you don't get blood flow after inserting the needle, what do you do? | Replace the tube first, try adjusting the needle, try placing a finger at the tip of the needle try to find the relationship between the vein and the end of the needle and adjust. If that doesn't work, remove the needle and try the other arm. |
| Give reasons why we shouldn't use a Butterfly evacuation system. | Causes more accidental needle sticks, Costly, Slow procedure, more painful for the patient. |
| What are the key differences between Butterfly evacuation and straight heedle evacuation. | Decrease the angle, stretch the vein more tighly because hand veins move, more painful becuase of more nerves in the hands, slower procedure. |
| Why do we protect some specimens from light? | If testing billiruben levels, light will alter the results. |
| Which vein is on the thumb side of the arm? | Cephalic |
| Which vein is located on the pinky side of the arm? | Basilic |
| What vein connects the Cephalic and Basilic veins? | Median cubital |
Created by:
kbcanarr
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