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Cog Neuro Exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Localization of Function | brain is composed of different subsystems (or modules), located in specific regions of brain tissue (Ibn Sina) |
| Association areas | receive info from multiple modalities, here it is integrated and processed |
| Central Nervous System | brain, spinal cord, nerves |
| Neurons | cells carry info from one place to another by electrical and chemical signals |
| Glia | support cells (guide neurons), modify chemical environment between neurons |
| Resting Membrane Potential | difference in electrical charge between inside and outside of neuron creates a voltage difference |
| Neurotransmitters | chemicals neurons release that allow them to communicate with each other |
| Gray Matter | neurons are arranged in layers that form sheets of tissue, anatomical and functional organization |
| White Matter | large concentrations of myelinated axons, tracts connect distant brain areas |
| Mototopic Organization | areas code for body parts that are close together |
| Motor Tracts | pathways relay info about movements planned in the brain to target muscles (cortex → muscle) - contralateral organization |
| Neuromuscular Junction | synapse between neuron and muscle fibers spinal cord |
| Primary motor cortex (M1) | command signal to drive neurons to make muscles move, movement is represented by direction |
| Population Vectors | vector addition between firing rates of two cells simultaneously, represents direction |
| Brain-machine Interface | machine decodes brains activity to induce movement, surgically implanted |
| Mirror Neurons | active when we perform an action and also when we observe someone else performing the action, fire in premotor cortex |
| Sensation | how sense organs receive info from environment |
| Perception | how brain selects, organizes, and interprets sensations, active and constructive process |
| Receptive Field | specific region of visual space to which a particular cell response (in outside world) |
| Retina | several layers of cells at back of the eye that register light and begin representing the visual world |
| Horizontal Cells | balance neighboring rod and cone cells (turn on and off in different lighting conditions) |
| Ganglion Cells | send info from the eye to the brain (axons make up optic nerve) |
| Optic Chiasm | point where info from eyes crosses over to other side of the brain |
| Simple Cells | lines oriented at particular angle activate |
| Complex Cells | motion activated (directional) |
| V4 | high level perception of color, separate portions coding for upper and lower visual fields |
| MT | neurons have preferred direction and speed |
Created by:
Eflynn20
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