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Exam 5-2
Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The 4 tropic hormones are thyroid-stimulating (TSH), adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) and | Follicle-stimulating (FSH) & Luteinizing (LH) |
| The functions of the endocrine system are body-wide communication and control of growth , development, metabolism and | Homeostatic balance of the blood |
| Which of the two chemical categories of hormones is the most prevalent in humans | Water-Soluble |
| The most prevalent method for hormones to stimulate action, and create a response, in their target organ is called | Second-Messenger mechanism |
| Which of these is a rare example of a hormone regulated via a positive feedback mechanism | Oxytocin |
| The two lobes of the pituitary are named for the different types of tissue and method of stimulation from the hypothalamus. The anterior lobe is the ---& the Posterior is called? | Adenohypophysis (anterior) & Neurohypophysis (posterior) |
| What structural characteristic distinguishes and endocrine gland from and exocrine gland | They do not have a specific duct for their secretions |
| The three ways our body stimulates hormone release is via 1. changes in the blood concentration of a specific ion or nutrients, 2. hormonal stimulus from another endocrine gland and 3. | Neurologic stimulus of a specific gland |
| In addition to tropins, what other key hormone is released from the anterior pituitary gland | ACTH (adrenocorticotropic) |
| Which hormone is released by the thyroid and increases cellular metabolism | T3 (triiodothyronine) |
| Where are the hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic produced | Hypothalamus |
| Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by accelerating bone matrix breakdown | Parathyroid Hormone |
| What is the name for the active form of vitamin D that accelerates absorption of calcium in the digestive tract | Calcitriol |
| What is the function of hormones secreted by the hypothalamus | Stimulate or inhibit release of anterior pituitary hormones |
| What is the target for ACTH | Adrenals |
| What is the function of aldosterone | Increase sodium retention |
| What hormone is considered the primary glucocorticoid | Cortisol |
| What is the function of insulin | Decrease blood glucose levels |
| Which of the pancreatic islet cells produce insulin | Beta |
| Where is the hormone glucagon produced | Pancreas |
| The hormone that have the strongest effect on the blood glucose levels include insulin, glucagon, glucocorticoids and | Growth Hormones (somatotropin) |
| When blood sodium levels are low, the adrenals secrete which hormone | Aldosterone |
| Where is cortisol produced | Adrenal Cortex |
| What is the secondary effect of aldosterone | Increased blood volume and blood pressure |
| Which of the following would be considered a primary stress hormone | Cortisol |
| The endocrine system has two sets of glands that are structurally attached to each other; these paired glands are the hypothalamus and pituitary and the | Thyroid and parathyroid |
| Which metabolism-increasing hormone is released by the thyroid | Thyroxine |
| The name of the primary glucocorticoids is ---- which is secreted by the ----- | Cortisol; adrenal cortex |
| The alarm response refers to what part of the body stress response | ANS stimulation of the fight-or flight response |
| The two primary types of lipid-soluble hormones are the steroids and | Thyroid Hormone |
| What hormones are produced in and released by the pancreas | Glucagon and insulin |
| What is the function of hormones secreted by the hypothalamus | Stimulate or inhibit release of the anterior pituitary hormone |
| The anatomic and functional links between the nervous and endocrine systems are between which two organs/glands | Pituitary and hypothalamus |
| The endocrine system exerts the most control over which of these physiologic processes | Adjustments in fluid and pH level |
| This condition involves the formation of many small lesions on the thyroid that may lead to excessive hormonal secretions | Multinodular goiter |
| When blood sugar levels are low, what hormone is released | Glucagon |
| The adrenals are stimulated to release aldosterone by several factors, including elevated levels of potassium and decreased levels of sodium, blood volume, or | Blood pressure |
| What organ produces prolactin | Anterior pituitary |
| What effect does parathyroid hormone have on the kidneys | Stimulates the production of calcitriol |
| The nerve damage associated with diabetes mellitus is a form of | Peripheral neuropathy |
| 1 key distinction between the way nervous and endocrine system communicate and control the other systems in the body is the speed of communication . Another distinction is | The Nervous system communicates directly through its own specialized network and Endocrine system must be carried to target organs via the bloodstream |
| Thyroid hormones help to regulate metabolism; the conversion of food into energy or storage. What are the 2 major thyroid hormones used for this purpose | Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine |
| What hormone is released when blood calcium levels are low | Parathyroid hormone |
| What term is used to describe two hormones acting together to intensify the target cells response | Synergistic effect |
| Which homeostatic mechanism is used most often to regulate hormone levels in the bloodstream | Negative feedback |
| What is the target organ for pineal gland secretions | Brain |
| The endocrine glands located in the head are the | Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Pineal |
| What method of stimulus is used between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland | Hormonal |
| Increases secretion of glucocorticiods from the adrenals | ACTH |
| Increases secretion of hormones from testes and ovaries | LH |
| Stimulates milk Production | Prolactin |
| Stimulates growth and increases metabolism | GH (growth hormone) |
| Stimulates uterine contraction and release of milk | Oxytocin |
| Triggers Sleep | Melatonin |
| Increases metabolism | Thyroxine (T4) |
| Inhibits bone resorption and accelerates calcium uptake to decrease calcium level in blood | Calcitonin |
| Stimulates bone resorption to increase calcium level in blood and production of calcitriol to increase ca2 absorption in digestive tract | PTH |
| Promotes maturation of T Cells | Thymosin |
| Accelerates transport of glucose into cells to decease glucose levels in the blood | Insulin |
| Accelerates conversion of glycogen into cells to decrease glucose level in blood | Glucagon |
| Promotes growth of uterine lining and decreases uterine contractions to support pregnancy | Progesterone |
| Development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics; sperm production | Testostrone |
| Maturation of ova; development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics; prepares uterus for implantation | Estrogen |
| Increases blood glucose; increase metabolism, prolongs body changes initiated by alarm response during stress | Adrenaline |
| Increases blood glucose and anti-inflammatory process; especially during stress response | Cortisol |
| Increases NA retention and thus water retention; to increase blood pressure and decreases K in blood | Aldosterone |
| The nervous system method of signaling effector changes is | nerve impulses along neuron |
| The endocrine systems method of signaling effector changes is | Hormones through blood stream |
Created by:
JML19
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