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BMS 250 Lab
Lab 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Classification of joints according to type of intervening material (structural) | fibrous, cartilage, synovial |
| Classification of joints according to the degree of movement (functional) | synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses |
| Fibrous joints | hold together two bones through dense irregular CT; has limited or no movement; ex. gomphoses, sutures, syndesmoses, radioulnar, and tibiofibular joints |
| Cartilage joints | contain cartilage between articulating bones and lack a joint cavity; immovable or slightly moveable; ex. synchondroses, symphyses, costochondral, pubic symphysis, intercarpal joints... |
| Synovial joints | most complex joints displaying various amounts of mobility; ex. elbow, knee, ankle, atlantoaxial, radiocarpal, thumb, shoulder, and hip joints |
| Synarthroses joints | immobile joints; ex. costochondral joints, and between skull bones |
| Amphiarthroses joints | slightly mobile joint; ex. pubic symphysis, intervertebral disk, radioulnar, tibiofibular joints |
| Diarthroses joints | freely mobile joint; ex. all synovial joints, shoulder, hip, knee, thumb, atlantoaxial, ankle, intercarpal and tarsal, and interphalangeal joints |
| Syndesmoses | bones that join together and are held in place with sheets of collagen between the bones |
| Gomphoses | teeth held in sockets by a fibrous ligament |
| Sutures | found between most of the bones of the skull |
| Synchondroses | bones joined together with hyaline cartilage between the ends of the bones |
| Symphyses | bones with fibrocartilage between them |
| Flexion | decrease joint angle; moves forward, away from anatomical position |
| Extension | increase in joint ankle; moves backwards to anatomical position |
| Hyperextension | moving past anatomical position |
| Adduction | moving a limb toward the midline of the body |
| Abduction | moving a limb laterally away from the midline of the body |
| Protraction | scapula or mandible moves forward |
| Retraction | scapula or mandible pulled posteriorly |
| Circumduction | movement of a body region circularly |
| Medial (internal) rotation | anterior surface of the limb moves toward the midline of the body |
| Lateral (external) rotation | anterior surface of a limb moves away from midline of the body |
| Supination | move palm anteriorly |
| Pronation | move palm posteriorly |
| Eversion | soles of feet face outward |
| Inversion | soles of feet face inward |
| Plantar flexion | lifting the heel of the foot from the ground; pointing toes downward |
| Dorsiflexion | lifting the front of the foot; top of foot moves toward anterior leg |
| Elevation | lift/move up |
| Depression | lower/move down |
| Only diarthrosis joint in the skull and the bones articulating | temporomandibular joint; the articular tubercle of the temporal bone and the mandibular fossa articulate |
| What type of synovial joint is the temporomandibular joint? | hinge, plane |
| Why functional type is a suture joint in the adult skull? | synarthrosis |
| How much movement is allowed between bones at a suture joint? | no movement |
| What specific type of synovial joint is the glenohumeral joint? | ball and socket |
| What functional type is a glenohumeral joint? | diarthrosis |
| Four muscle tendons that form the rotator cuff | subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor |
| What specific type of synovial joint is the humeroulnar joint? | hinge |
| Name the type of motion that is permitted at the humeroulnar joint? | flexion and extension |
| What specific type of synovial joint is the proximal radioulnar joint? | pivot |
| What movement is possible is possible at the proximal radioulnar joint and the distal radioulnar joint? | supination and pronation |
| What is the function of the interosseous membrane? | maintains the interosseous space between the radius and the ulna through forearm rotation and actively transfers forces from the radius to the ulna |
| Specific type of synovial joint of interphalangeal joints | hinge |
| Movement of interphalangeal joints | flexion and extension |
| Specific type of synovial joint of metacarpophalangeal joints | condylar |
| Movement of metacarpophalangeal joints | flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and opposition at thumb; gliding at other digits |
| Specific type of synovial joint of radiocarpal joints | condylar |
| Movement of radiocarpal joints | abduction, adduction, circumduction, flexion and extension at wrist |
| Specific type of synovial joint of the coxal joint | ball and socket |
| Which menisci is firmly attached to a collateral ligament? | medial menisci |
| Specific type of synovial joint of tibiofemoral joint | hinge |
| Two true talocrural movements | plantar flexion and dorsiflexion |
| Specific type of synovial joint of talocrural joint | hinge |
| Movement of the atlantoaxial joint | rotation of the head |
| Specific type of synovial joint of atlantoaxial joint | pivot |
| What typical vertebral feature is absent on the atlas? | the body |
| Specific type of synovial joint of vertebrocostal joints | plane |
| What functional type of cartilaginous symphysis is the intervertebral joint? | amphiarthrosis |
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kkade
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