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Ch.6 Muscles

TermDefinition
Ability of a muscle to shorten with force Contractility
Ability of a muscle to be stretched Extensibility
Muscle cells Muscle fibers
Actin and Myosin form units called Sarcomeres
Loose connective tissue that surrounds muscle fasciculi Perimysium
Connective tissue that separates muscles Fascia
Myofilaments that resemble minute strands of pearls Actin
Myofilaments that resemble minute bundles of golf clubs Myosin
Time of contraction Contraction phase
When the muscle remains contracted Tetany
Time when the muscle relaxes Relaxation phase
Required energy for muscle contraction ATP
Without oxygen Anaerobic Respiration
With oxygen Aerobic Respiration
When ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced Muscle Fatigue
Chewing process Masfication
Moves the tongue Extrinsic tongue muscle
Changes shape of tongue Intrinsic
Characteristics of cardiac muscle Not striated, involuntary
Characteristics of smooth muscle Not striated, No nucleus
Anterior muscle that extends the leg Sartorius
Two types of muscle fibers Slow twitch, fast twitch
Extends from Z line to the next Sarcomere
Where is the Flexor carpi forearm
Muscles fibers are surrounded by the Endomysium
Anterior upper arm muscle Bicep
Posterior upper arm muscle Tricep
The end of a muscle that doesn't move Origin
The end of a muscle that moves the most Insertion
The circular movement of an appendage Circumduction
4 major functional characteristics of muscles Contractility Elasticity Extensibility Excitability
Capacity of a muscle to respond to a stimulus Excitability
Ability to be stretched Extensibility
Ability to return to original length after being stretched Elasticity
Superficial to the epimysium Fascia
Fascicle Composes a muscle
Myofibrils 2 major kinds of protein fibers
Sarcomere Structural unit of a muscle
I band Light area made up of actin
A band Dark area composed of myosin
M line Line in between A bands
H zone Space between A bands and M line composed of myosin
Outside cell membranes Positively charged
Inside cell membranes Negatively charged
Charge difference across membrane Resting membrane potential
Nerve cells that carry action potentials to muscle fibers Motor neurons
Branch that connects to a muscle forms a _______ Neuromuscular junction; synapse
Single motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates Motor unit
Space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle fibers Synaptic cleft
Acetylcholine Diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal causing changes in the postsynaptic cell
Sliding filament mechanism Sliding of actin and myosin against each other during contraction
During contraction H and I bands... Shorten
During contraction A bands..... Stay the same
Muscle twitch Contraction of entire muscle in response to a stimulus
Muscle fibers no longer respond to stimuli when it reached a level called Thresh hold
Lag phase Time between application of stimulus at the beginning of contraction
Increase in number of motor units being activated Recruitment
Type of muscle that makes up the heart Cardiac muscle
ATP Adenosine triphosphate
ATP is produced by Mitochondria
ADP Adenosine diphosphate
Creatine phosphate Stored in place of ATP and is used for energy
Amount of oxygen needed to replenish amounts of creatine phosphate stored in muscle fibers Oxygen debt
2 types of muscle contractions Isotonic Isometric
Isotonic Tension is constant, length changes
Isometric Tension changes, length stays the same
Muscle tone Constant tension of certain muscles for long periods of time (Keeps head up)
Fast twitch fibers Contract quicky, fatigue quickly
Slow twitch fibers Contract slowly, fatigue slowly
Zygomaticus Smiling muscles
Orbicularis Oris Puckers the lips
Levator Labii Superius Sneering muscles
Depressor Anguli Oris Frowning muscles
Antagonists Muscles that work opposite to each other
Synergists Muscles that work together to perform specific movementsl..
Created by: cmhampt1
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