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Ch.6 Muscles
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ability of a muscle to shorten with force | Contractility |
| Ability of a muscle to be stretched | Extensibility |
| Muscle cells | Muscle fibers |
| Actin and Myosin form units called | Sarcomeres |
| Loose connective tissue that surrounds muscle fasciculi | Perimysium |
| Connective tissue that separates muscles | Fascia |
| Myofilaments that resemble minute strands of pearls | Actin |
| Myofilaments that resemble minute bundles of golf clubs | Myosin |
| Time of contraction | Contraction phase |
| When the muscle remains contracted | Tetany |
| Time when the muscle relaxes | Relaxation phase |
| Required energy for muscle contraction | ATP |
| Without oxygen | Anaerobic Respiration |
| With oxygen | Aerobic Respiration |
| When ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced | Muscle Fatigue |
| Chewing process | Masfication |
| Moves the tongue | Extrinsic tongue muscle |
| Changes shape of tongue | Intrinsic |
| Characteristics of cardiac muscle | Not striated, involuntary |
| Characteristics of smooth muscle | Not striated, No nucleus |
| Anterior muscle that extends the leg | Sartorius |
| Two types of muscle fibers | Slow twitch, fast twitch |
| Extends from Z line to the next | Sarcomere |
| Where is the Flexor carpi | forearm |
| Muscles fibers are surrounded by the | Endomysium |
| Anterior upper arm muscle | Bicep |
| Posterior upper arm muscle | Tricep |
| The end of a muscle that doesn't move | Origin |
| The end of a muscle that moves the most | Insertion |
| The circular movement of an appendage | Circumduction |
| 4 major functional characteristics of muscles | Contractility Elasticity Extensibility Excitability |
| Capacity of a muscle to respond to a stimulus | Excitability |
| Ability to be stretched | Extensibility |
| Ability to return to original length after being stretched | Elasticity |
| Superficial to the epimysium | Fascia |
| Fascicle | Composes a muscle |
| Myofibrils | 2 major kinds of protein fibers |
| Sarcomere | Structural unit of a muscle |
| I band | Light area made up of actin |
| A band | Dark area composed of myosin |
| M line | Line in between A bands |
| H zone | Space between A bands and M line composed of myosin |
| Outside cell membranes | Positively charged |
| Inside cell membranes | Negatively charged |
| Charge difference across membrane | Resting membrane potential |
| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to muscle fibers | Motor neurons |
| Branch that connects to a muscle forms a _______ | Neuromuscular junction; synapse |
| Single motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates | Motor unit |
| Space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle fibers | Synaptic cleft |
| Acetylcholine | Diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal causing changes in the postsynaptic cell |
| Sliding filament mechanism | Sliding of actin and myosin against each other during contraction |
| During contraction H and I bands... | Shorten |
| During contraction A bands..... | Stay the same |
| Muscle twitch | Contraction of entire muscle in response to a stimulus |
| Muscle fibers no longer respond to stimuli when it reached a level called | Thresh hold |
| Lag phase | Time between application of stimulus at the beginning of contraction |
| Increase in number of motor units being activated | Recruitment |
| Type of muscle that makes up the heart | Cardiac muscle |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
| ATP is produced by | Mitochondria |
| ADP | Adenosine diphosphate |
| Creatine phosphate | Stored in place of ATP and is used for energy |
| Amount of oxygen needed to replenish amounts of creatine phosphate stored in muscle fibers | Oxygen debt |
| 2 types of muscle contractions | Isotonic Isometric |
| Isotonic | Tension is constant, length changes |
| Isometric | Tension changes, length stays the same |
| Muscle tone | Constant tension of certain muscles for long periods of time (Keeps head up) |
| Fast twitch fibers | Contract quicky, fatigue quickly |
| Slow twitch fibers | Contract slowly, fatigue slowly |
| Zygomaticus | Smiling muscles |
| Orbicularis Oris | Puckers the lips |
| Levator Labii Superius | Sneering muscles |
| Depressor Anguli Oris | Frowning muscles |
| Antagonists | Muscles that work opposite to each other |
| Synergists | Muscles that work together to perform specific movementsl.. |
Created by:
cmhampt1
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