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Stress Response
G.A.S., Hormones,Allostatic Load
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In response to the car accident, Jennifer’s sympathetic nervous system was activated. Which of the following clinical signs may the clinician expect to observe in Jennifer based on activation of this system? | -Increased HR -Hypertension -Pupil Dilation -Bronchiodilation -Decreased urine output |
| Jennifer’s vital signs include a heart rate of 130 bpm and a blood pressure of 96/58 mm Hg. Which of the following explains this response? | Jennifer's SNS has been activated, as indicated by the increased HR. However, BP is still lower than normal due to possible internal bleeding. |
| In addition to SNS activation, the adrenal glands also produce hormones to assist in the stress response. If a blood sample were taken from Jennifer, which of the following would indicate increased activity by the adrenal medulla? | -Epinephrine -Norepinephrine These are released by adrenal medulla... -Aldosterone and cortisol are also released, but they are produced by adrenal cortex, not adrenal medulla -ACTH is produced by anterior pituitary |
| A blood sample shows elevation of Jennifer’s blood glucose. Which of the following most likely explains this elevation? | Cortisol, a hormone in the stress response, caused the elevation in glucose levels. |
| Jennifer has a catheter inserted. Urine output for Jennifer is significantly reduced. Which hormone works directly on the kidneys to reduce urine output during stress? | Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
| In response to her accident, Jennifer’s cortisol levels increased significantly. What effect will this initial increase in cortisol cause? | Increased WBC response Occurs b/c of short-term cortisol elevations... -Prolonged elevations result in immunosuppression |
| The response to a stressor such as Jennifer experienced involves a number of tissues. The elevation in cortisol that Jennifer likely experienced is the results of which signal from anterior pituitary? | Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
| If Jennifer’s adrenal cortex had been damaged by the accident, which hormonal response may appear on a blood laboratory sample? | Lower than expected cortisol levels. |
| What are the three primary players in the body’s response to stress? | SNS, brain, and adrenal glands |
| Activation of the sympathetic nervous system during stress does NOT cause which of the following? | Increased gastrointestinal activity |
| Which hormone is released from the adrenal medulla? | Epinephrine |
| The wear and tear on the body from chronic stressors is known as what? | Allostatic load |
| What are the different actions of epinephrine and norepinephrine? | Epi = increased HR, bronchodilation, and peripheral vasoconstriction which increases BP ***think of it as having more effect on the heart and lungs*** Norepi = increases alertness, arousal, attention, & constricts vessels to raise BP. |
| What are the similar actions of epinephrine and norepinephrine? | Both play a role in elevating blood glucose through converting stored glucose in the form of glycogen back into glucose for energy for the fight or flight response. |
| What does the SNS do naturally during the initial alarm stage? | -Increases HR -Increases respirations -Increases BP -Dilates pupils -Decreases renal perfusion -Decreases urine output |
| What is the HPA axis? | Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Arenal axis |
| What does the posterior pituitary release? What does this hormone do? | Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) -Reduces urine output, which causes fluid retention in body (helps maintain BP) |
| What does the hypothalamus release? What does this hormone do? | Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) -Stimulates the anterior pituitary |
| What does the anterior pituitary release? What does this hormone do? | Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) -Stimulates adrenal cortex |
| What does the adrenal cortex release? What does this hormone do? | Cortisol -Elevates blood glucose -Initially increases immune system, but suppresses it over time Aldosterone -Helps with maintaining blood volume and BP by retaining sodium and water ***Cortex also activates adrenal medulla*** |
| What does the adrenal medulla release? What does this hormone do? | Epinephrine and Norepinephrine -Increase HR -Increase BP -Increase blood glucose -Cause bronchiodilation |
| What happens if stressor goes away within the alarm stage? | PNS kicks in ("rest and digest") |
Created by:
kmeans34
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