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Chapter 9 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| civil rights | protections from discrimination based on race, national origin, religion, sex, and other characteristics, ensuring equal treatment under the law |
| 13th amendment | outlaws slavery |
| 14th amendment | an amendment passed in 1868 granting citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States and placing restrictions on state laws that sought to abridge the privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States |
| 15th amendment | gave African American men the right to vote |
| equal protection clause | clause of the Fourteenth amendment that has been used to protect the civil rights of Americans from discrimination based on race, national origin, religion, gender, and other characteristics |
| separate but equal | the doctrine that racial segregation was constitutional so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal |
| legal segregation | the separation by law of individuals based on their race (dejure segregation) |
| de facto segregation | a separation of individuals based on characteristics that arises not by law but because of other factors, such as residential housing patterns |
| affirmative action | a policy designed to address the consequences of previous discrimination by providing special consideration to individuals based on their characteristics, such as race or gender |
| social movement | large groups of citizens organizing for political change |
| civil disobedience | the intentional refusal to obey a law to call attention to its injustice |
| civil rights act of 1964 | outlaws segregation in schools |
| voting rights act of 1965 | outlaws literacy tests |
| 19th amendment | gave women the right to vote |
| title IX | legislation prohibiting sex discrimination in schools receiving federal aid, which had the impact of increasing female participation in sports programs |