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CH 6 Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| four major functional characteristics | contractility, excitability, extensibility, elasticity |
| contractility | skeletal muscle shortens with force |
| excitability | skeletal muscle responds to stimulus |
| extensibility | ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | able to recoil to original length after being stretched |
| skeletal muscle surrounded by | epimysium |
| connective tissue outside of epimysium | fascia |
| fasciculi are surrounded by | perimysium |
| fasciculi are composed of | fibers |
| endomysium | surrounds each fiber |
| myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| myofibrils 2 major kinds of protein fibers | actin myofilaments, myosin myofilaments |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments that resemble strands of twisted pearls |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments that resemble bundles of golf clubs |
| the basic structural and functional unit of the muscle | sarcomere |
| actine and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called | sarcomeres |
| what does sarcomere extend from | z line to z line |
| the light area on each side of z band | I band |
| I band consist of | actin |
| where is H zone | center of each sarcomere |
| H zone consist of | myosin |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| fasciculi | bundles that make up a muscle |
| neuromuscular junction aka synapse | where the muscle and nerve come together |
| enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| space between the presynaptic terminal and muscle cell | synaptic cleft |
| synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called | acetylcholine |
| T or F when sarcomere shortens it causes the muscle to shorten | True |
| sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction | sliding filament mechanism |
| contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus | muscle twitch |
| threshold | at which point the muscle fiber will contract maximally |
| time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and beginning of a contraction | lag phase |
| contraction phase | time of the contraction |
| relaxation phase | time during the muscle relaxes |
| tetany | where muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration | anaerobic- without oxygen aerobic- with oxygen |
| 2 types of muscle contractions | isometric, isotonic |
| muscle tone | constant tension produced by muscle of the body for long periods of time |
| fast twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly-well adapted to perform anaerobic metabolism |
| slow twitch fibers | contract slowly and more resistant to fatigue- better suited for aerobic metabolism |
| most stationary end of the muscle | origin (head) |
| end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
| portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | belly |
| synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| mastication | chewing |
| number of mastication muscles | 4 |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pairs of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| intrinsic tongue muscles | change shape of tongue |
| extrinsic tongue muscles | move the tongue |
| what is erector spinae responsible for | keeping the back straight and the body erect |
| thoracic muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
| muscle responsible for smiling | zygomaticus |
| raises the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| puckers the lips | orbicularis oris |
| flattens the cheeks | buccinator |
| 2 kissing muscles | buccinator & orbicular oris |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| trapezius | rotates scapula |
| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| arm is attached to thorax by | pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles |
| pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| major abductor of the upper limb | deltoid |
| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
| sartorius | flexes the thigh |
| what is a muscle fiber | a single cylindrical cell containing several nuclei |
| lateral muscle of the leg | peroneus |
| difference of smooth muscles and cardiac muscles differ from skeletal muscles | skeletal muscles are voluntary and smooth and cardiac are involuntary |
| external imtercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
Created by:
edenwellman6
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