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Ch 6 Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force. | Contractility |
| Elasticity | Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched |
| Excitability | Capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| Ability to be stretched | Extensibility |
| Connective tissue sheath that surrounds each muscle | Epimysium |
| Located outside the epimysium, surrounds and separates muscles | Fascia |
| A muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles | Muscle fasciculi (fascicle) |
| Muscle fasciculi is surrounded by loose connective tissue | perimysium |
| Single muscle cells | Fibers |
| Endomysium | Connective tissue that surrounds each fiber |
| Myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| 2 major protein fibers in myofibrils | Actin myofilaments, myosin myofilaments |
| Actin Myofilaments | Thin, resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together |
| Myosin Myofilaments | Thick, resemble bundles of minute golf clubs |
| Sarcomeres | Highly ordered units formed by actin and myosin myofilaments, joined together end to end to form the myofibril |
| Basic structural and functional unit of the muscle | Sarcomere |
| Z Line | disc; attachment site for actin; sarcomere extends from one to another |
| I Band | Consists of actin, light area on each side of the Z line |
| Extends the length of myosin | A Band; darker central region in each sarcomere |
| Light area in the center of each sarcomere | H zone |
| H zone | Consists of only myosin |
| Myosin Myofilaments | Anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark staining band |
| Dark staining band | M line |
| Sliding of actin past myosin during contraction | Sliding filament mechanism |
| During contracting _, _ shorten | H and I Bands |
| During contraction_ do not change in length | A Bands |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate; need for energy for muscle contraction; short lived and unstable |
| ATP degenerates | ADP; Adenosine diphosphate; plus phosphate |
| With oxygen (more efficient) | Aerobic respiration |
| Anaerobic respiration | Without oxygen |
| Muscle fatigue | happens when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced |
| Contract quickly and fatigue quickly | Fast twitch fibers |
| Slow twitch fibers | Contract slowly; more resistant to fatigue |
| Raises the eyebrows | Occipitofrontalis |
| Zygomaticus | Smiling muscle |
| Buttocks | Gluteus Maximus |
| Gluteus medius | Hip muscle |
| Flexes the wrist | Flexor carpi |
| Flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| Extends the fingers | Extensor digitorum |
| Rotates scapula | trapezius |
| Pulls scapula anteriorly | Serratus anterior |
| Pectoralis major | Adducts and flexes the arm |
| Attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle; major abductor of the upper limb | Deltoid |
| Latissimus Dorsi | Medially rotates, adducts and powerfully extends the arm; swimmer muscle |
| Biceps Brachii | Flexes the forearm and occupies the anterior compartment of the arm |
| Brachialis | Flexes the forearm |
| Extends the forearm, occupies the posterior compartment | Triceps brachii |
| Brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| Quadriceps femoris | extends the leg, anterior thigh muscles |
| Tailor's muscle, flexes the thigh | Sartorius |
| Posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends the thigh | Hamstring |
| Changes the shape of the tongue | Intrinsic tongue muscles |
| Extrinsic tongue muscles | moves the tongue |
| Sternocleidomastoid | Rotates and abducts the head, lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
| Sheetlike muscle that covers the anterolateral neck, its action is to pull the corners of the mouth inferiorly producing a downward sag of the mouth | Platysma |
| External intercostals | Elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| Contract during forced expiration | Internal intercostals |
| Diaphragm | quiet breathing, dome shaped muscle, aids in breathing |
| Depressor anguli oris | Frowning |
| Sneering | Levator labii superioris |
| Buccinator | Flattens the cheecks, trumpeter's muscle |
| Kissing muscles | Orbicularis oris and buccinator |
| Mastication | Chewing |
| Group of muscles on each side of the back | Erector spinae |
| Erector Spinae | Responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect |
| Form the calf muscle | Gastrocnemius and soleus |
| Achilles tendon is also called the | Calcaneal tendon |
| Flexes the foot and toes | Gastrocnemius and soleus |
| Lag phase | The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
| The time of contraction | Contraction phase |
| Relaxation phase | Time during which the muscle relaxes |
| Muscle tone | Constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time; keeps head up and back straight |
| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | Synergists |
| Antagonists | Muscles that work in opposition to one another |
Created by:
katielanham17
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