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Muscle-Eastham

QuestionAnswer
What is contractility? The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force.
What is excitability? The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus.
What is extensibility? The ability to be stretched.
What is elasticity? The ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched.
Epimysium Connective tissue that surrounds each skeletal muscle.
Fascia Connective tissue that surrounds and separates muscles (outside the epimysium).
Perimysium Loose connective tissue that surrounds muscles composed of muscle fasciculi.
What is the cytoplasm of each fiber filled with? Myofibril(s).
What connective tissue sheath are the fibers surrounded by? Endomysium.
Thin filaments Actin Myofilaments.
Thick filaments Myosin Myofilaments.
What are sarcomeres? Highly ordered units formed by Actin and Myosin Myofilaments.
What is the charge difference across the membrane called? Resting Membrane Potential.
What is it called when a muscle cell is stimulated, and the membrane characteristics change briefly? Action Potential.
What are nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers? Motor Neurons.
What enters the muscles and branches? Axons.
Each branch that connects to the muscle forms a what? Neuromuscular Junction.
What are located near the center of cells? Synapse(s).
A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called a what? Motor Units.
The enlarged nerve terminal is called what? Presynaptic Terminal.
The space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is called what? Synaptic Cleft.
The muscle fiber is the what? Postsynaptic Terminal.
Each presynaptic terminal contains what? Synaptic Vesicles.
What is the neurotransmitter that synaptic vesicles secrete called? Acetylcholine.
What neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal causing a change in the postsynaptic cell? Acetylcholine.
Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine. Acetylcholinesterase.
What occurs as actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another causing the sarcomeres to shorten? Muscle Contractions.
The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is called what? Sliding Filament Mechanism.
The contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. Muscle Twitch.
A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called what? Threshold.
What is it called when the muscle fiber either responds or doesn't respond to a stimulus? All-or-none Response.
The time that is between the happenstance of a stimulus and the beginning of a contraction is called what? Lag Phase.
Phase that refers to the time of a contraction. Contraction Phase.
Phase that refers to the time of a muscle relaxing. Relaxation Phase.
The increase in number of motor units being activated is called what? Recruitment.
What is it called when the muscles remain contracted without relaxing? Tetany.
What is needed for energy for muscle contraction? ATP.
What is produced in the mitochondria? ATP.
Short-lived and unstable form of energy. ATP.
What does ATP degenerate itself into? ADP.
When they can't produce ATP, what do muscle cells produce instead? Creatine Phosphate.
Actions that require oxygen. Aerobic Respiration.
Actions that don't require oxygen. Anaerobic Respiration.
The amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells is called what? Oxygen Debt.
When ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells, (causes pain). Muscle Fatigue.
When the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process, also referred to as equal distance. Isometric.
When the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes, also referred to as equal tension. Isotonic.
Constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time. (What keeps your head up and your back straight). Muscle Tone.
Fibers that contract quickly and fatigue quickly. Fast-Twitch Fibers.
Fibers that contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue. Slow-Twitch Fibers.
The most stationary end of the muscle. Origin.
The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement. Insertion.
The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion. Belly.
Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements. Synergists.
Muscles that work in opposition to one another. Antagonists.
When one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement. (Only for synergists) Prime Mover.
Muscle that raises the eyebrows. Occipitofrontalis
Muscle that closes the eyelids and causes "crow feet" wrinkles. Orbicularis Oculi.
Muscle that puckers the lips. Orbicularis Oris.
Muscle that flattens the cheeks. Buccinator
"Smiling Muscle" Zygomaticus.
Muscle that allows you to sneer. Levator Labii Superioris.
Muscle that allows you to frown. Depressor Anguli Oris
Muscles that allow you to change the shape of your tongue. Intrinsic Tongue Muscles.
Muscles that allow you to move your tongue. Extrinsic Tongue Muscles.
Chewing. Mastication.
Lateral neck muscle. Sternocleidomastoid.
Sheetlike muscle that covers the anterolateral neck. Platysma.
Muscles maintain what in your body? Heat.
Name for the muscle membrane. Sarcolemma.
Which bands shorten during the sliding filament mechanism? The H and I bands.
Which bands do not change in length during the sliding filament mechanism? The A bands.
(Some) muscles are named according to what? Location, size, fibers, shape, origin, insertion and function.
At what attachment points are muscles connected to bones by a tendon? Origin and Insertion.
White meat of a chicken's breast is found in areas with what kind of twitch fiber? Fast-twitch Fibers.
Created by: daniellestudy
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