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Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force. |
| Excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. |
| Extensibility | the ability to be stretched. |
| Elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. |
| each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called? | Epimysium |
| another connective tissue located outside the epimysium. | Fascia |
| what surrounds separate muscles. | Fascia |
| a muscle in composed of numerous visible bundles called muscle fasciculi.. | Perimysium |
| Fibers | fasciculi that are composed of single muscle cells. |
| each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called? | Endomysium |
| Myofibrils | a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other. |
| what are the 2 major kinds of protein fibers. | Actin-Myosin |
| thin microfilaments. | Actin |
| thick microfilaments. | Myosin |
| they resemble 2-minute strands of pearls twisted together. | Actin |
| they resemble bundles of minute golf clubs. | Myosin |
| what goes on the outsides of the z lines? | I Bands |
| what are between the A bands? | M Line |
| each __ line is an attachment site for actin. | Z |
| on each side of the Z line is a light area called an __ band | I |
| the __ band extends the length of the myosin. | A |
| in the center of each sarcomere is another light area called the __ zone | H |
| the myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark staining band called the __line. | M |
| the charge difference across the membrane is called? | resting membrane potential |
| the brief reversal back of the charge is called? | Action Potential |
| Motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers. |
| a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called? | Motor Unit |
| the enlarged nerve terminal is the? | Presynaptic Terminal |
| each presynaptic terminal contains? | Synaptic Vesicles |
| diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal causing a change in the postsynaptic cell. | Acetylcholine |
| the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is called the? | Sliding Filament Mechanism |
| Muscle twitch | a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers |
| a muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called | Threshold |
| the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is the | Lag phase |
| the time of contraction is the | Contraction phase |
| the time during which the muscle relaxes is the | Relaxation phase |
| Tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| the increase in number of motor units being activated is called | Recruitment |
| when at rest they can’t stockpile ATP but they can store another high-energy molecule, called | Creatine phosphate |
| Anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| Aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| Oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells |
| Muscle fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells |
| Isometric | the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process |
| Isotonic | the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes |
| Muscle tone | muscle tone refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time |
| Fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly. Well adapted to perform anaerobic metabolism |
| Slow-twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| Origin | the most stationary end of the muscle. |
| Insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| the portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion is the what? | Belly |
| some muscles have multiple | Origins or head |
| muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements are called | Synergists |
| muscles that work in opposition to one another are called | Antagonists |
| among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement, it is the | Prime mover |
| raises the eyebrows | Occipitofrontalis |
| closes the eyelids and causes “crows feet” wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye | Orbicularis oculi |
| puckers the lips | Orbicularis oris |
| flattens the cheeks. Trumpeter’s muscle | Buccinator |
| smiling muscle | Zygomaticus |
| sneering | Levator labii superioris |
| frowning | Depressor anguli oris |
| change the shape of the tongue | Intrinsic Tongue Muscles |
| move the tongue | Extrinsic Tongue Muscles |
| on each side of the linea alba is the | rectus abdominis |
| cross the rectus abdominis at three or more locations, causing the abdominal wall of a well-muscled person to appear segmented | Tendinous inscriptions |
| rotates scapula | Trapezius |
| pulls scapula anteriorly | Serratus anterior |
| adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis major |
| Latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. “Swimmer muscles” |
| Deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb. |
| Triceps brachii | extends the forearm. Occupies the posterior compartment of the arm. |
| Biceps brachii | flexes the forearm. Occupies the anterior compartment of the arm. |
| Brachialis | flexes forearm |
| Brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm. |
Created by:
rsadkin3
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