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Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| muscle responsible for raising the eyebrows. | occipitofrontalis |
| muscle responsible for closing the eyelids; also causes "crow's feet" wrinkles. | orbicularis oculi |
| muscle responsible for puckering the lips. | orbicularis oris |
| muscle responsible for flattening the cheeks (trumpeter's muscle). | buccinator |
| the kissing muscles. | orbicularis oris and buccinator |
| the smiling muscle. | zygomaticus |
| sneering muscle. | levator labii superioris |
| frowning muscle. | depressor anguli oris |
| mastication muscles. | 2 pair pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| what is mastication? | chewing |
| neck muscle. | sternocleidomastoid |
| group of muscles on each side of back. | erector spinae |
| what do erector spinae do? | keep back straight and body erect |
| muscles most involved during breathing. | external intercostals and internal intercostals |
| muscle that accomplishes quiet breathing, dome-shaped, also aids it breathing. | diaphragm |
| protein fibers in myofibrils. | actin myofilaments, myosin myofilaments |
| functional characteristics of skeletal muscles (4) | contractility, excitability, extensibility, elasticity |
| elevate the ribs during inspiration. | External intercostals |
| contract during forced expiration. | Internal intercostals |
| Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | change shape of tongue |
| Extrinsic Tongue Muscles | move the tongue |
| muscle that rotates scapula | Trapezius |
| muscle that pulls scapula anteriorly | Serratus anterior |
| The arm is attached to the thorax by what muscles | pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles |
| muscle that adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis major |
| muscle that medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. “Swimmer muscles” | Latissimus dorsi |
| muscle that attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb. | deltoid |
| a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. | muscle twitch |
| where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing. | tetany |
| lag phase | The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
| contraction phase | The time of contraction |
| relaxation phase | The time during which the muscle |
| muscle that flexes the wrist. | Flexor carpi |
| muscle that extends the wrist | Extensor carpi |
| muscle that flexes the fingers. | Flexor digitorum |
| muscle that extends the fingers. | Extensor digitorum |
| strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons and holds them in place around the wrist so that they do not “bowstring” during muscle contraction. | Retinaculum (bracelet) |
| Contractility is | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force. |
| Excitability is | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. |
| Extensibility is | the ability to be stretched. |
| Elasticity is | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. |
| the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process. | isometric (equal distance) |
| the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes. | isotonic (equal tension |
| muscle taht extends the forearm. Occupies the posterior compartment of the arm. | Triceps brachii |
| muscle that flexes the forearm. Occupies the anterior compartment of the arm. | Biceps brachii |
| muscle that flexes forearm | Brachialis |
| muscle that flexes and supinates the forearm. | Brachioradialis |
| muscles that are responsible for abduction and adduction of the fingers. | intrinsic hand muscles and Interossi muscles |
| muscles located within the hand. | intrinsic hand muscles |
| muscles located between the metacarpals, | Interossi muscles |
| buttocks (most of max of buttocks) | Gluteus maximus |
| hip muscle and common injection site. | Gluteus medius |
| muscle that extends the leg; anterior thigh muscles | Quadriceps femoris |
| muscle that flexes the thigh; “tailors muscle” | Sartorius |
| muscles that flex the leg and extends the thigh; posterior thigh muscles | hamstring muscles |
| muscles that form the calf muscle. They join to form the calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon). | Gastrocnemius and soleus |
| muscles that flex the foot and toes | gastrocnemius and soleus |
| The lateral muscles of the leg | peroneus muscles |
| muscles which are primarily everters (turning the lateral side of the foot outward) of the foot, but they also aid in plantar flexion | peroneus muscles |
| muscles that flex extend, abduct, and adduct the toes. | intrinsic foot muscles |
| tendinous area of the abdominal wall (consists of white connective tissue rather than muscle.) | linea alba |
| muscles on each side of the linea alba | rectus abdominis |
| cross the rectus abdominis at three or more locations, causing the abdominal wall of a well-muscled person to appear segmented. | Tendinous inscriptions |
| is the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells. | oxygen debt |
| Anaerobic respiration | without oxygen. |
| Aerobic respiration | with oxygen (more efficient). |
| needed for energy for muscle contraction. | ATP |
| ATP stands for | adenosine triphosphate |
| fast twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly (used more often) |
| slow twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| the most stationary end of the muscle. | origin |
| the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement. | insertion |
| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the | belly of muscle |
| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements are called | synergists. |
| Muscles that work in opposition to one another are called | antagonists. |
| Among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement, it is the | prime mover. |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers. | motor neurons |
| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called | motor unit |
| The enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is the | synaptic cleft |
| synaptic vesicles | secrete a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine |
| acetylcholine | diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal causing a change in the postsynaptic cell. |
Created by:
cpriner1
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