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Ch.6 Muscle review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | contractility |
| the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | excitability |
| the ability to be stretched | extensibility |
| ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | elasticity |
| Skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called | epimysium |
| Connective tissue located outside the epimysium | fascia |
| numerous visible bundles | fasciculi |
| Fasciculi is surrounded by loose connective tissue called | perimysium |
| single muscle cells | fibers |
| Each fiber is surrounded by a connective sheath called | endomysium |
| Cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with | myofibrils |
| A threadlike structure that extends to one end of a fiber to another | myofibrils |
| resemble pearls that are twisted; thin | actin myofilaments |
| resembles the heads of golf clubs; thick | myosin myofilaments |
| Actin and myosin are highly ordered units called | sarcomeres |
| 2 types of actin; light | Z line and I band |
| 3 types of myosin; dark | A band, H zone, and M line |
| charge difference across the membrane | resting membrane potential |
| brief reversal back of the charge | action |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| Branch that connects to the muscle forms; center of the cell | neuromuscular junction; or synapse |
| single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called | motor unit |
| enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is called | synaptic cleft |
| synaptic cleft and the muscle fiber is | postsynaptic terminal |
| presynaptic terminals contain what | synaptic vesicles |
| secrete neurotransmitter is called | acetylcholine |
| Acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by enzymes called | acetylcholinesterase |
| sliding actin myofilaments slide past myosin during contraction is called | sliding filament mechanism |
| a contraction of an entire muscle in response to stimulus that cause action potential | muscle twitch |
| a muscle fiber that will not respond till a certain level called | threshold |
| a muscle fiber that will not respond till a certain level phenomenon is called | all-or-none response |
| the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron | lag phase |
| a time of contraction | contraction phase |
| time during which the muscle relaxes | relaxation phase |
| muscle remain contracted | tetany |
| increase in number of motor units being activated | recruitment |
| needed for energy for muscle contraction | ATP |
| can't stockpile ATP but can store another high energy molecule | creatine phosphate |
| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen | aerobic respiration |
| amount of oxygen to need in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose | oxygen debt |
| ATP is used faster than it can be produced | muscle fatigue |
| length does not increase but tension does | isometric |
| tension is the same but length increases | isotonic |
| constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time | muscle tone |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly | Fast twitch fibers |
| contraction slowly and more resistant to fatigue | slow twitch fibers |
| most stationary end of the muscle | origin |
| the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
| the muscle between the origin and the insertion is the | belly |
| muscle that work together to accomplish specific movements | synergists |
| muscles work in opposition to one another | antagonists |
| one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement | prime mover |
| raises the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| closes the eye lids and wrinkles on the lateral corners of the eye | orbicularis oculi |
| puckers the lips | orbicularis oris |
| flattens the cheeks | buccinator |
| smiling muscle | zygomaticus |
| sneering | levator labii superioris |
| frowning | depressor anguli oris |
| chewing | mastication |
| lateral neck muscle and prime mover | sternocleidomastoid |
| group muscle on each side of the back | erector spinae |
| accomplishes quiet breathing | diaphragm |
| tendinous area of the abdominal wall | linea alba |
| rotates scapula | trapezius |
| strong band of fibrous connective tissue the covers the flexor and extensor tendons | retinaculum |
| 19 hand muscles | intrinsic hand muscles |
| muscle located between the metacarpals | Interossi |
| flexes the thigh | satorius |
| lateral muscle of the leg | peroneus |
| 20 muscles in the foot | intrinsic foot |
| muscles that involves breathing | External intercostals and Internal intercostals |
| attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle | deltoid |
Created by:
jahowe1
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