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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Voluntary muscle | Muscle under control of the will |
| Bending; the movement that decreases the angle between bones | Flexion |
| Buttocks | Gluteus maximus |
| Origin | Stationary end of a muscle |
| Posterior thigh muscle. | Hamstrings |
| Thick filaments | Myosin Filaments |
| Muscle responsible for smiling. | Zygomaticus |
| Muscle responsible for sneering | Levator labii superioris |
| Muscle responsible for frowning. | Depressor anguli oris |
| Closes the eyelid | Orbicularis oculi |
| Puckers the mouth | Orbicularis oris |
| Flattens the cheeks | Buccinator |
| Changes the shape of the tongue | Intrinsic tongue muscles |
| Moves the tongue | Extrinsic tongue muscles |
| Adenosine triphosphate | ATP |
| The ability for the muscle to respond to a stimulus | Excitability |
| Ability for the muscle to contract | Contractility |
| The ability for the muscle to recoil to it's original length. | Elasticity |
| The ability for the muscle to extend | Extensibility |
| The connective tissue sheath that is directly upon the whole muscle. | Epimysium |
| Straited muscle | Muscle consisting of cross straited muscle fibers. |
| Chest Muscle | Pectoral Muscle |
| Endomysium | The thin connective tissue surrounding each muscle cell |
| Perimysium | The connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers |
| Fascicle | A bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue |
| Epimysium | The sheath of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a muscle |
| Tendon | Elongated bursa that wraps a tendon subject to friction |
| Aponeurosis | Fibrous or membranous sheet connecting a muscle and the part it moves. |
| Smooth muscle | Muscle consisting of spindle-shaped, unstriped muscle cells. |
| Cardiac muscle | Special muscle of the heart with striations and intercalated discs |
| sarcolemma | the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber |
| Myofibrils | Contractile organelles found in the cytoplasm of muscle cells |
| (I) bands | The location of thin filaments (actin) in a sarcomere |
| (A) bands | The location of thick filaments (myosin) in a sarcomere |
| myofilaments | filaments composing the myofibrils. Of two types: actin and myosis |
| Myosin | Thick Filaments |
| myosin | One of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle; makes up the thick filaments |
| Cross bridge | The link formed when a myosin head binds to the corresponding binding site on actin during contraction. |
| Thin filaments | Small filaments composed of actin and regulatory proteins |
| Actin | One of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle; makes up the thin filaments. |
| Motor unit | A motor neuron and all the muscle cells it supplies |
| Axon | Neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body; efferent process; the conducting portion of a nerve cell |
| Neuromuscular junction | The region where a motor neuron comes into close contact with a skeletal muscle |
| neurotransmitter | Chemical released by neurons that may, upon binding to receptors of neurons or effector cells, stimulate or inhibit them. |
| acetylcholine | A chemical transmitter substance released by certain nerve endings |
| Synaptic cleft | The fluid-filled space at a synapse between neurons |
| Graded response | A response that varies directly with the strength of the stimulus |
| Muscle twitch | a single rapid contraction of a muscle followed by relaxation |
| Lactic acid | The product of anaerobic metabolism, especially in muscle |
| Muscle fatigue | Inability of a muscle to contract even while being stimulated |
| Oxygen deifict | the volume of oxygen required after exercise to oxidize the lactic acid formed during exercise |
| Isotonic contraction | Refers to "same tone"; the muscle shortens as it contracts, and movement occurs. |
| Isometric contraction | Refers to "same length"; the muscle generates tension but does not shorten, and no movement occur |
| Muscle tone | Sustained partial contraction of a muscle in response to stretch receptor inputs; keeps the muscle healthy and ready to react. |
| Flaccid | Soft; flabby; relaxed. |
| Atrophy | a reduction in size or wasting away from an organ cell resulting from disease or lack of use |
| Aerobic exercise | walking, jogging, swimming, biking, jumping |
| Anerobic exercise | Weightlifting, sprinting, biking |
| Resistant exercise | Refers to building muscle mass and strength; also called isometric exercise |
| Origin | the muscle attachment that is not movable or is less movable than the insertion |
| Insertion | The movable attachment of a muscle as opposed to its origin |
| Flexion | Bending; the movement that decreases the angle between bones |
| Extension | Movement that increases the angle of a joint |
| Rotation | Movement around an axis |
| Aduction | Movement away from the midline of the body |
| Adduction | Movement toward the midline of the body |
| circumsduction | Circular movement of a body part |
| Dorsiflexion | Movement of the superior surface of the foot toward the shin. |
| Plantar flexion | Movement of the interior surface of the foot away from the shin |
| inversion | Special movement of foot achieved by moving the sole of the foot medially |
| Eversion | Special movement of the foot achieved by turning the sole laterally |
| Supination | The outward rotation of the forearm causing palms to face anteriorly |
| Pronation | The inward rotation of the forearm causing the radius to cross diagonally over the ulna |
| Opposition | The action by which the thumb is used to touch the tips of the other finger on the same hand, This unique action makes the human hand a fine tool for grasping and manipulating things. |
| Antagonists | Muscles that act in opposition to an agonist, or prime mover. |
| Synergists | Muscles cooperating with another muscle or muscle group to produce a desired movement |
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