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Chapter 6 muscle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ability to shorten with force. | Contraction |
| Ability to respond to stimulus. | Excitability |
| Ability to recoil after being stretched. | Elasticity |
| Muscles that work in opposition to one another | Antagonist |
| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements. | Synergists |
| Major muscles in accomplishing desired movement. | Prime mover |
| Stationary end of muscle | Origin |
| End of muscle undergoing the greatest movement | Insertion |
| Portion of the muscle between origin and insertion | Belly |
| Connective tissue sheath that surrounds each skeletal muscle | Epimysium |
| Cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with what? | Myofibrils |
| Raises the eyebrows | Occipitofrontalis |
| Closes the eyelids | Orbicularis oculi |
| Flattens the cheeks | Buccinator |
| Smiling muscle | Zygomaticus |
| Sneering muscle | Levator labii superioris |
| Frowning muscle | Depressor anguli oris |
| Group of muscles on each side of the back | Erector Spinae |
| Lateral neck muscle and prime mover | Sternocleidomastoid |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pairs of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| Change the shape of tongue | Intrinsic tongue muscles |
| Move the tongue | Extrinsic tongue muscles |
| Muscle that covers anterolateral neck, pulls down the corners of the mouth. | Platysma |
| Dome shaped muscle, aids in breathing | Diaphragm |
| Rotates scapula | Trapezius |
| Pulls scapula anteriorly | Serratus anterior |
| Adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis major |
| Rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. “Swimmer muscles” | Latissimus dorsi |
| Attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle | Deltoid |
| Extends the forearm, posterior compartment | Triceps brachii |
| Flexes the forearm, anterior compartment | Biceps brachii |
| Flexes and supinates the forearm | Brachioradialis |
| Flexes the wrist | Flexor carpi |
| Extends the wrist | Extensor carpi |
| Flexes the fingers | Flexor digitorum |
| Extends the fingers | Extensor digitorum |
| Buttocks | Gluteus maximus |
| Hip muscle and common injection site | Gluteus medius |
| Extends the leg; anterior thigh muscles | Quadriceps femoris |
| Flexes the thigh | Sartorius |
| Posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends the thigh | Hamstring muscles |
| Calf muscle | Gastrocnemius and soleus |
| Flex the foot and toes | Calcaneal tendon |
| Lateral muscles of the leg, aid in plantar flexion | Peroneus |
| 20 muscles in the foot that flex, extend, abduct, and adduct the toes | Intrinsic foot muscles |
| The arm is attached to thorax by what? | Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi |
| Located between the metacarpals, are responsible for abduction and adduction of the fingers | Interossi muscles |
| Strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons that holds them in place around the wrist | Retinaculum (bracelet) |
| “Tailors muscle” | Sartorius |
| Elevate the ribs during inspiration | External intercostals |
| Contract during forced expiration | Internal intercostals |
| Tendinous area of abdominal wall that extends from the sternum through the navel and to the pubis | Linea Alba |
| On each side of the linea alba | Rectus Abdominus |
| Mastication | Chewing |
| Responsible for keeping back straight and the body erect | Erector spinae |
| The kissing muscles | Orbicularis oris and buccinator |
| Connective tissue located outside the epimysium. It surrounds and separates muscles | Fascia |
| Loose connective tissue that surrounds muscle fasciculi | Perimysium |
| The 2 kinds of protein fibers myofibrils consist of | Actin myofilaments and myosin myofilaments |
| Thin myofilaments; resemble strands of pearls | Actin |
| Thick myofilaments; resemble minute golf clubs | Myosin |
| Basic structural and functional unit of a muscle | Sarcomere |
| The H zone consists solely of | Myosin |
| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor Neurons |
| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | Motor unit |
| Contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers | Muscle twitch |
| Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | Tetany |
| Increase in number of motor units being activated | Recruitment |
| When ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced | Muscle fatigue |
| The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction | Lag phase |
| The length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process | Isometric |
| The amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes | Isotonic |
| Contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue. Better suited for aerobic metabolism | Slow-twitch fibers |
| Muscle attachments connect to the bone by | Tendons |
| The time during which the muscle relaxes is the | Relaxation phase |
Created by:
egmaddo
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