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anatomy muscle ch 6.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ability to shorten with force | contractility |
| capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | excitability |
| ability to be stretched | extensibility |
| ability to recoil to original resting length | elasticity |
| each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the | epimysium |
| connective tissue located outside the epimysium | fascia |
| a muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called muscle fasciculi | perimysium |
| each fiber is surrounded by the connective tissue sheath called the | endomysium |
| the cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with | myofibrils |
| actin and myosin myofilaments | sarcomeres |
| charge difference across the membrane | resting membrane potential |
| brief reversal back of the charge is called | action potential |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| each branch that connects to the muscle forms a | neuromuscular junction |
| neuromuscular junction or | synapse |
| many of these form a single muscle | motor unit |
| the enlarged nerve terminal is the | presynaptic terminal |
| space between presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is the | synaptic cleft |
| muscle fiber is the | postsynaptic terminal |
| Each presynaptic terminal contains | synaptic vesicles |
| secrete a neurotransmitter called | acetylcholine |
| The acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by an enzymes | acetylcholinesterase |
| The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is called the | sliding filament mechanism |
| a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers | muscle twitch |
| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called | threshold |
| the muscle fiber will contract maximally. This phenomenon is called the | all or none response |
| The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is the | lag phase |
| The time of contraction is the | contraction phase |
| The time during which the muscle relaxes is the | relaxation phase |
| where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany |
| The increase in number of motor units being activated is called | recruitment |
| When at rest they can’t stockpile ATP but they can store another high-energy molecule, called | creatine phosphate |
| without oxygen | Anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen | Aerobic respiration |
| the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate in muscle cells. | oxygen dept |
| results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells | muscle fatigue |
| equal distance | isometric |
| equal tension | isotonic |
| Keeps head up and back straight | muscle tone |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly | fast twitch fibers |
| contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | slow stitch fibers |
| is the most stationary end of the muscle | origin |
| the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | belly |
| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements are called | synergists |
| Muscles that work in opposition to one another are called | antagonists |
| 8. Among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement, it is the | prime mover |
| thin myofilaments | actin myofilaments |
| thick myofilaments | myosin myofilaments |
| muscles help to produce what | heat |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| What is produced in the mytochondria | ATP |
| what is short lived and unstable | ATP |
| it degenorates to the morse stable ADP | ATP |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate |
| each sarcomere extends from one ___ to another | Z line |
| attachment site for actine | z line |
| what kind of appearance does the arrangement of actin and myosin give off | a banded appearance |
| on each side of the z line there is a what | i band |
| is an i band light or dark | it is light |
| what does an i band consist of | actin |
| the a band extends the length of the what | myosin |
| where is the a band | central region of each sarcomere |
| is an a band light or dark | it is dark |
| in the center of each sarcomere there is another area called the | h zone |
| what does the h zone consist of | myosin |
| is the h zone light or dark | it is light |
| the myosin myofilaments are anchored where | center of the sarcomere |
| what is in the center of the sarcomere | a dark staining band called the m line |
| a neuromuscular junction is formed by what | an enlarged nerve terminal |
| where does an enlarged nerve terminal rest | in an indentation of the muscle cell membrane |
| When an action potential reaches the nerve terminal, it causes what | the synaptic vesicles to releases acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft |
| how does the synaptic vesticles release acetylcholine | exocytosis |
| what does acetylcholine bind to | receptor molecules in the muscle cell membrane |
| The combination of acetylcholine with its receptor causes what | an influx of sodium ions into the muscle fiber |
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