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Muscle Physiology
Muscle make-up and movement terms
| Hint | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 Types of Muscle Tissue | Smooth, Cardiac, Skeletal |
| Endomysium | Connective tissue membrane covering muscle fibers |
| Fascicles | groups of skeletal muscle fibers |
| Perimysium | tough connective tissue surrounding fascicles |
| Epimysium | coarse sheet of connective tissue that covers a muscle as a whole |
| Tendon | bands or cords of fibrous connective tissue that attatch a muscle to a bone or other structure |
| Fascia | fibrous connective tissue found under skin |
| Structure of muscle form largest to smallest | Muscle-Fascial-Muscle Cells/Fiber-Myofibril-Sacromere-Filaments- Actin(thin) and Mysosin(Thick) filaments |
| Sarcolemma | plasma membrane of muscle fiber |
| Sarcoplasm | muscle fiber's cytoplasm |
| Sarcoplasmic reticulum | network of tubules and sacs in muscle cells; similer to ER of other cells |
| T-tubules | transverse tubules unique to muscle cells; formed by inward extensions of the sarcolemma that allow electrical impulses to move deeper into the cell |
| myofibrils | very fine longitudinal fibers found in skeletal muscle cells; composed of thick and thin filaments |
| Myosin | contractile protein in thick filaments |
| Actin | contractile protien found in thin filaments |
| Sliding filament theory | model of muscle contraction in which sliding of thin filaments toward the center of each sacromere quickly shortens the muscle fiber and thereby the entire muscle |
| motor neuron | transmits nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glandular epithelial tissues |
| neuromuscular junction | point of contact between nerve endings and muscle fibers |
| motor unit | functional unit composed of a single motor neuron with the muscle cells it innervates |
| Functions of the muscular system | Movement, Heat production, Posture |
| Agonist | muscles or group of muscles that directly performs a specific movement |
| antagonists | muscles that when contracting directly oppose prime movers |
| synergists | muscle that contract the same time as the primer mover; help prime movers produce more effective movement |
| fixator muscles | joint stabilizers |
| Body | central body portion of muscle that shortens when muscle contracts |
| origin | point of muscle attatchment to bone that does not move when the muscle is contracted |
| insertion | point of muscle attatchment to bone that moves when the muscle is contracted |
| Class of Levers | first (Ex. Seesaw), second ( wheelbarrow), third (flexing of the forearm at the elbow joint) |
| How muscles are named | location, function, shape, direction of fibers, numbers of heads or division, points of attatchment, size of muscle |
Created by:
gdemuth
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