Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 20
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define the Heart | Is a pump |
| Define mediastinum | Space between lungs behind the sternum |
| Where is the base of the heart? The apex? | The base is the broadest part at the top, while the apex is the point at the bottom |
| Pericardium has ____ layers and _____ | 2 layers, and 1 cavity |
| What is cardiology? | The study of the heart |
| How many layers is the heart wall made up of? | 2 layers |
| How many chambers are there? Valves? | 4 and 4 |
| What is the outermost layer of the pericardium? Description and function? | Fibrous layer of pericardium- made of CT (tough)- main function is to protect the heart/ from overfilling/ overstretching. |
| The Serous layer of the pericardium is made up of what? | Parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium |
| What is the pericardial cavity? Function? | Contains serous fluid and is to reduce friction. |
| Parietal pericardium lines what? | Inside of the fibrous pericardium facing the heart |
| Visceral pericardium covers what? | Covers Surface of the heart itself. |
| What is a cardiac tamponade? Treatment? | When there is restricted movement of the heart due to excess fluid in cavity. Drain fluid through a needle. |
| What is pericarditis? | Inflammation of the pericardium due to pathogens. |
| 3 layers of Myocardium? | Epicardium, Myocardium, and endocardium |
| What is the Epicardium? | Visceral membrane layer blended with epicardium |
| What is the myocardium function? Thick or thin? | Does the work of the heart. Is the thickest layer. |
| Is the endocardium smooth or rough? What does it cover? What does it mean if it is rough? | Always needs to be smooth. It covers the valves of the heart. If it's rough that indicates bacterial infection |
| Right atrium collects blood from ______ | systemic circuit |
| Right ventricle pumps blood to | pulmonary circuit |
| __________ collects blood from pulmonary circuit | Left Atrium; |
| left ventricle pumps blood to __________ | systemic circuit |
| Which side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood? | Right atrium |
| Which ventricle is largest? Why? | Left ventricle because it has to deliver blood to the body systems, while the right only needs to go to the lungs |
| Blood may only come INTO the heart through the L & R ______. | Atrium |
| Blood may only EXIT/LEAVE the heart through the L & R ________. | ventricle |
| Name two veins which drain into the R atrium | Superior vena cava (SVC) and Inferior vena cava (IVC) |
| What is the interatrial hole in the fetal heart called? What is it's function? | Foramen ovale. Allows oxygenated blood from mother bypass lungs. |
| Trabeculae carneae looks like? | Muscular ridges on the internal surface of the heart |
| Moderator band is found only in.... | Right ventricle |
| Functions of the cardiac skeleton? | Supports heart, prevents stretching, stabilizes valves, insulation, and prevents stray electrical impulses |
| Papillary muscles attach the chordae tendineae to the _____ when the AV valve ____ | apex, closes |
| What is a cusp? | A flap of tissue that creates a valve. essentially like a one way door to prevent blood backflow in to the wrong chambers |
| What does the RAV valve do? | prevents backflow from RV to RA. Does not allow the blood to go back upstairs |
| What does the LAV valve do? | prevents backflow from LV to LA. |
| Right Atrioventricular Valve is what kind of valve? Oxy or deoxy? | Tricuspid- deoxygenated blood |
| Valvular heart disease is what? Reasons it may it develop? | Deterioration of valve function, may develop after carditis and can result from rheumatic fever |
| Valvular insufficiency description | Allows blood to regurgitate back in to the chamber where it was pumped, fails to prevent backflow |
| Valvular stenosis description. Treatments? | Valve is narrowed and causes the heart to strain which can lead to heart failure. Replace with artificial or pig valves |
| Heart murmur description? Cause? | Sound of regurgitation. Due to incompetent or stenotic heart valves |
| Heart sounds | Lub and Dub |
| Coronary Arteries function | delivers oxygenated blood to myocardium |
| End arteries description | Dead end street basically. |
| Cardiac veins function | collect deoxygenated blood from myocardium |
| Right coronary artery emerges from the ______ and travels to the right side of heart | aorta |
| Sinoatrial nodal artery supplies the ______________ ______ | Sinoatrial node (pacemaker) |
| Which layer of the myocardium is continuous (cannot be separated from the visceral pericardium) | Epicardium |
| When blood comes through the 4 veins to the Left Atrium, is the blood oxygenated or deoxygenated? | Oxygenated |
| When the interatrial hole fuses after birth it becomes? | Fossa ovalis. |
| Left Atrioventricular Valve is what kind of valve? Oxy or deoxy? | Bicuspid- oxygenated |
| Pulmonary semilunar valve prevents back flow from ____ ____ to right ventricle | pulmonary artery |
| Aortic semilunar valve prevents back flow from ____ ____ to left ventricle | aorta |
| Auscultation means to... | Listen |
| 4 areas to listen to the heart | Aortic, Pulmonic, Tricuspid, and Mitral |
| Where do you listen to the Aortic | Right sternal- 2nd intercostal space |
| Where do you listen to the pulmonic | Left sternal- 2nd intercostal space |
| Where do you listen to the tricuspid? | Left sternal- 4th intercostal space |
| Where do you listen to the Mitral? | Left midclavicular- 5th intercostal space |
| Another name for the Right marginal artery | acute marginal artery |
| Another name for Posterior Interventricular artery | Posterior Descending Artery |
| The left coronary artery arises from the aorta and immediately _____ into the LAD and LCA | splits |
| Another name for the anterior interventricular artery? | Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery- the widow maker |
| The left circumflex artery circles around.... | to the back of the heart |
| the great cardiac vein is located? | in the front along the intraventricular septum |
| The coronary sinus is the end point of all... | Cardiac veins |
| The coronary sinus dumps ___ blood in to ____ atrium, along with the SVC/IVC | deoxygenated; right |
| What is the number one cause of death in America? | Coronary Artery Disease |
| What is Coronary Artery Disease? | Areas of partial or complete blockage of coronary circulation due to plaque buildup. |
| What is coronary ischemia? Due to? | Reduces circulatory supply from partial or complete blockage of coronary arteries (no oxygen) |
| Surgical cure of coronary ischemia | Insertion of stent after a balloon angioplasty to restore blood flow |
| What is angina pectoris? | temporary ischemia (pain) when workload of heart increases. Pain on exertion. |
| Angina pectoris causes pain on exertion but stops with.... | REST |
| What is myocardial infarction? | a blockage of blood flow to the heart (heart attack) |
| Are men or women more likely to survive their first myocardial infarction? | Men |
| True or False: Is pain always present in myocardial infarction? Who are more likely to go undiagnosed? | False; women |
| How is myocardial infarction diagnosed? | ECG and blood work |
| Name the 3 enzymes released in the blood that indicate a myocardial infarction | troponin T, troponin I and CK-MB |
| What is collateral circulation? | "backup" circulation around a blocked artery of vein via another path. |
| What helps promote collateral circulation? | Regular exercise |
| What causes intense, persistent pain even at rest? | myocardial infarction |
Created by:
akc02040
Popular Anatomy sets