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A&P- Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sutural bones | Small, flat, odd shapes Ex) skull |
| Irregular bones | Complex shapes, notched Ex) vertebrae |
| Short bones | Boxlike Ex) Carpal bones |
| Flat bones | Flat with parallel surfaces Ex) sternum, parietal bone |
| Long bones | Shaft with two ends Ex) Humerus |
| Sesamoid bones | Small, round Ex) patella |
| Compact bone | Solid bone on surface; found where bones experience stress in limited directions |
| Spongy bone | Open network of struts and plates that make up bone interior; found where bones experience stress in many directions. |
| Diaphysis | Shaft with layer of compact bone |
| Epiphysis | Expanded area at each end |
| Metaphysis | Zone connects diaphysis and epiphysis |
| Flat bone example | Two layers of compact bone surround spongy bone |
| Hydroxyapatite crystals | Hard and inflexible; withstand compression (not bending) Ex) concrete |
| Collagen fibers | Flexible and strong; withstands bending (not compression) Ex) Rebar fibers inside concrete |
| Osteocytes | Mature cells in lacunae (chambers); receive nutrient from canaliculi; bone repair |
| Osteoblast | - produce new matrix via uptake of calcium and phosphate - develop into osteocytes after surrounded by matrix |
| Ossification | producing new matrix |
| Osteogenic cells | - Differentiate into osteoblasts after bone damage |
| Osteoclasts | - large multinucleate cells - Dissolve matrix via release of calcium and phosphate |
| Osteolysis | Dissolve matrix |
| What is the functional unit of the bone? | Osteon which contains central canal and blood vessels |
| What are the three different kinds of lamellae within the bone? What do they mean? | Concentric: Each individual circle within osteon Interstitial: Individual broken up osteons that are not circles Circumferential: All along outside of the bone |
| Characteristics of spongy bone structure: | - no osteons - composed of struts/plates - canaliculi |
| Periosteum | Outer layer around the bone - vascularized/innervated with fibrous and cellular layers - functions as barrier |
| Endosteum | Lines canals and covers trabeculae - functions in bone growth, bone repair, and remodeling |
| Ossification | Bone formation caused by clarification of tissues. |
| Endochondral ossification definition: | Bone replaces cartilage |
| Steps of endochondral ossification: | 1. begin with cartilage 2. blood vessel grow close to bone 3. vessels move into center (forms primary ossification centers) 4. begins producing Ca and forms medullary cavity 5. forms secondary ossification centers on ends, ridge formation |
| Epiphyseal line | Ridge formation once osteocytes win within endochondral ossification |
| Intramembranous ossification | Bone develops from embryonic connective tissue |
| How does bone remodeling happen? | Components of bone are recycled and renewed; involves osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts |
| What hormones can effect your calcium levels? | Calcitriol, calcitonin, growth hormone |
| Bone repair involves formation of: | Fracture hematoma, callus, spongy bone, and compact bone |
Created by:
madelineyork
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