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Exam 1 Endocrine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| define the word endo- and crine- | to happen inside the body, secretion |
| what is the difference between endocrine and exocrine | exocrine cells use ducts to secrete hormones and endocrine cells do not |
| what do exocrine cells do and what is an example? | secrete products onto epithelial surfaces through DUCTS. ex. salivary glands |
| What do endocrine cells do and what is an example? | secretes cells WITHOUT ducts(ductless) releases hormones directly into the blood stream. ex. Calcitonin |
| What are the four types of intercellular communication? | Direct, Paracrine, Endocrine, and Synaptic Communication |
| What is the most common intercellular communication? | Paracrine |
| What is direct intercellular communication? | when ions and molecules are transferred between 2 adjacent cells of the same type |
| What is paracrine intercellular communication? | When cells in the same tissue transfer information to each other |
| What is endocrine intercellular communication? | When endocrine cells release hormones into the bloodstream and sends messages from far away |
| Hormone is like a ________, Receptor is like a _______ | key, lock |
| What are 4 common responses of a target cells to a hormone binding? | produces new hormone, makes a new enzyme(protein), increase or decrease the rate an enzyme is manufactured , and to open or close a gate |
| What are the advantages of having bound hormones in circulation? | they remain in circulation much longer than free hormones |
| _________ key released from secretory cell and circulates in _________ until it reaches target cell lock | Hormone, Blood |
| What are the advantages of having bound hormones in circulation? | They last longer |
| What are the three classes of hormones? | Amino acid derivatives, Peptide hormones, and Eicosanoids |
| Are amino acid derivatives free or bound? | Bound |
| Are peptide hormones free or bound? | Free |
| Are Eicosanoids free or bound? | Bound |
| Amino acid derivatives are made from _________and ________. | Tyrosine and Tryptophan |
| What does Tyrosine make? | (DENT) Dopamine Epinephrine Norepinephrine Thyroid(T4-thyroxine) |
| What does Tryptophan make? | Melatonin and Serotonin |
| What are considered the 3 Catecholamines? | Dopamine, Epinephrine , and Norepinephrine |
| What are peptide Hormone derivatives? | Glycoproteins and Short polypeptides/small proteins |
| What are the lipid derivatives? | Eicosanoids and Steroid Hormones |
| What are the four types of Eicosanoids? | Leukotrienes, Prostaglandins, Thromboxane, and Prostacyclins |
| Examples of Leukotrienes? | asthma and Rhinitis |
| Examples of Prostaglandins? | pain |
| What are examples of lipid-soluble steroid hormones? | Estrogen, Progesterone , Testosterone , and Corticosteroids |
| Overexposure to a hormone would cause a cell to_____-regulate its number of receptors. What is the opposite of this and why would it occur? | Down, up-regulate…this happens when there is an absence of a specific hormone |
| What are two places an HRC(hormone receptor complex) can be found? | on plasma membrane of target cell, and in cytoplasm or on DNA of a target cell |
| What is the main difference between lipid-soluble steroid hormone and water-soluble non-steroid hormone? | lipid soluble hormones CAN enter cell cytoplasm but water-soluble hormones CANNOT enter a cell and must bind outside(second messenger) |
| What are lipid-soluble steroid hormones made from? | Cholesterol |
| Do lipid-soluble steroid hormones amplify? | no |
| Are lips-soluble steroid hormones slow or fast? | slow |
| What does Amplification mean? | When you make more than what you received with what you were given |
| What enzyme breaks down cAMP? | Phosphodiesterase |
| What are two things a G-protein does with calcium? | Open calcium channels in plasma membranes and Release calcium ions stored inside the cell |
| What is the location of the hypothalamus? | Right above the pituitary gland |
| what does the Hypothalamus do? | Secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones, also controls adrenal medulla. |
| What kind of tissue is the Anterior Hypophysis (Adenohypophysis)? | Glandular |
| Does the anterior hypophysis (Adenohypophysis) produce or store hormones? | Produce |
| How many hormones does the anterior hypophysis (Adenohypophysis) produce? | 7 |
| What kind of tissue is the Posterior hypophysis (Neurohypophysis)? | Neurological |
| Does the posterior hypophysis (Neurohypophysis) produce or store hormones? | Store |
| How many hormones does the posterior hypophysis (Neurohypophysis) store? | 2 |
| What are the three anatomical (pars) divisions of adenohypophysis? | Pars distalis, Pars Tuberalis, Pars Intermedia |
| The ________ produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and stores them in the posterior pituitary gland. | Hypothalamus |
| The ____________ Produces releasing hormones (RH) and inhibiting hormones (IH) that directly influence the _________ pituitary gland. | Hypothalamus, Anterior |
| The ___________ helps to stimulate the release of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla. | Hypothalamus |
| What are the 2 types of regulatory hormones? | Releasing Hormones (RH) and Inhibiting Hormones (IH) |
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