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Lecture Exam(joints)
Terms & Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does Arthros- mean? | joint |
| What is Articulation? | where two things meet |
| What is Kinesiology? | The study of motion |
| What does R.O.M stand for? | Range of motion |
| What are the two categories of joint motion? | Functional & Structural |
| What are the 3 classes of functional ROM? | Synarthrosis Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis |
| What is the Functional ROM acronym? | S.A.D |
| What are the 3 matrices of the structural anatomy of joints? | Fibrous Cartilaginous Bony |
| What is not important in the structural category? | Range of motion |
| Is the presence of a joint cavity important to the structural or functional cavity? | Structural |
| Describe synovial joints | Synovial joints contain all three matrices and a joint cavity. |
| Describe synovial joint features | |
| Synarthrosis types and ROM | No ROM 1.) Suture 2.) Gomphosis 3.) Synchondrosis 4.) Synostosis |
| What is a suture and where can it be found? | bones sewn together by tough fibers. Found in the skull. |
| What is Gomphosis? Where can it be found? | Binds teeth to sockets. Can be found in the mouth |
| What is Synchondrosis and where can it be found? | a rigid cartilage bridge between two bones. found in growth plates. |
| what is synostosis and where can it be found? | When two bones fuse together and a boundary disappears. Found in the skull (metopic suture) |
| Amphiarthrosis types and ROM? | Some ROM 1.) Syndesmosis 2.) Symphysis |
| What is syndesmosis and where can it be found? | Bones connected by ligaments. Found in tibia/fibula and ulna/radius. |
| What is Symphysis and where can it be found? | Two bones connected by a wedge of tough fibrocartilage. Found in the pubis. (invertebral discs) |
| Diarthrosis type and ROM? | Free ROM 1.) Synovial Joint |
| Describe synovial joint features | Full ROM only type of diarthrotic joint Found at ends of articulating bones |
| Ten special structures of synovial joints? | 1.) Joint(articular)Capsule 2.) Fibrous capsule (outside) 3.) Synovial membrane (inside) 4.) Synovial fluid 5.) Joint cavity 6.) Articular cartilage 7.) Menisci 8.) Fat pads 9.) Bursae 10.) Ligaments |
| What are two parts of joint cavities? | Fibrous capsule and Synovial membrane |
| What makes synovial fluid? | The synovial membrane |
| What is the job of the articular cartilage? | reduces friction during movement of articulating bones |
| what is the most common type of arthritis and its cause? | Osteoarthritis; caused by damage to cartilage which results in pain due to friction! |
| what are three functions of synovial fluid? | 1.) Lubrication -creates a hydroplane surface 2.) Nutrient Distribution -Vacuum created by movement 3.) Shock Absorption -Viscosity increases w/ pressure and decreases w/ less pressure |
| how does synovial fluid change when stressed | the viscosity of synovial fluid increases when stressed and decreases w/ less stress |
| What are the four accessories of synovial joints? | meniscus, Fat pad, ligaments, and Bursae |
| where is a meniscus found? | found in the knee |
| Where is a Bursa found? example? | found where a tendon or ligament rubs against tissue. on top of the patella |
| what is swelling and inflammation of a bursa called? | bursitis |
| what’s the difference between dislocation and subluxation? | subluxation is a partial dislocation |
| What are 3 types of arthritis? | Osteoarthritis , Rheumatoid arthritis, and Gouty arthritis |
| what is osteoarthritis | a form of arthritis due to repetitive motion of opposing joint surfaces |
| What is Rheumatoid arthritis? | an autoimmune disease of the joints caused by genetics and environmental factors |
| What is Gouty Arthritis? | Occurs when crystals form in synovial fluid |
| What is the most common type of Arthritis? | Osteoarthritis |
| What are the treatments to correct joint immobilization? | Continuous passive motion or CPM therapy |
| does bone mass increase or decrease with age? | decrease |
| which ion does bone store and release into the blood? | Calcium |
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