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Dysphagia 2
Anatomy and Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Suprahyoid Muscles | - geniohyoid (hypoglossal XII) - mylohyoid (trigeminal V) - A + P bellies of digastric (trigeminal V + facial VII) - stylohyoid (VII) |
| (3) Muscles of the Internal Pharynx | - palatopharyngeus (X) - stylopharyngeus (XII) - salpingopharyngeus (X) |
| Muscles of Chewing (4) | - masseter (V) - temporalis (V) - lateral pterygoid (V) - medial pterygoid (V) |
| Nasopharynx Muscles (6) | - palatoglossal X - levator veli palatini X - tensor veli palatini - palatopharyngeus (X) - muscularis uvularis X |
| PES/UES | pharyngeal esophageal sphincter |
| LES | lower esophageal sphincter |
| Lateral Pterygoid | moves jaw/chin to the opposite side unilaterally - V |
| Digastric (Anterior Belly) | depresses jaw/raises hyoid bone - V |
| Mylohyoid | elevates hyoid & tongue; depresses jaw - V |
| Geniohyoid | draws hyoid bone up and forward; depresses jaw - XII |
| Masseter | closes jaw - V |
| Temporalis | moves jaw upward, forward, and backward - V |
| Medial Pterygoid | elevates mandible and shifts jaw bilaterally - V |
| Orbicularis Oris | seals the mouth shut to maintain pressure and keep bolus inside the mouth - VII |
| Buccinator | maintains tightness of cheeks and holds them against teeth - VII |
| Genioglossus | elevates the larynx and depresses the tongue - XII |
| Hyoglossus | depresses tongue and elevates larynx - XII |
| Styloglossus | draws tongue up and back during swallowing - XII |
| Palatoglossus | - draws velum downward |
| Intrinsic Tongue Muscles (4) | - superior longitudinal - inferior longitudinal - vertical - transverse |
| Function of the Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | forms trough to hold bolus - XII |
| Extrinsic Tongue Muscles | - styloglossus - genioglossus - hyoglossus (XII) -palatoglossus x |
| Stylohyoid | elevates hyoid and tongue base - VII |
| Geniohyoid | draws hyoid bone up and forward; depresses jaw - XII |
| Levator Veli Palatini | elevates the soft palate and seals the nasopharynx - X |
| Tensor Veli Palatini | tenses the palate - V |
| Ending of the Oral Phase | bolus collects in valleculae recesses |
| Palatopharyngeus | depresses soft palate; constricts the pharynx |
| What innervates the (3) constrictors? | vagus X |
| What innervates the Cricopharyngeus ? | vagus X |
| Steps to the PES Opening | 1. posterior tongue retraction 2. hyoid bone elevation 3. hyoid bone elevates the thyroid and cricoid cartilages 4. pharyngoesophageal segment is pulled open (pulled open) 5. bolus driving forces * brainstem dishibition from hypoglossal and vagus |
| Innervation of Mastication Muscles | V |
| Innervation of Orbicularis Oris and Buccinator | VII facial |
| Innervation of Palatoglossus | X |
| Innervations of the Velum Muscles | X |
| Innervation of the Tensor Veli Palatini | V |
| What Muscles Moves the Epiglottis? | Aryepiglottic muscles |
| Innervation of the Digastric A | V |
| Innervation of the Stylohyoid | XII |
| Innervation of the Geniohyoid | XII |
| Innervation of the Digastric P | VII Facial |
| What muscles adduct the vocal folds? | - lateral cricoarytenoids - transverse/oblique arytenoids |
| Innervations of the stylopharyngeus? | Glosspharyngeal |
| What are the infrahyoid muscles | - sternohyoid - sternothyroid - thyrohyoid - omohyoid muscle |
Created by:
KarleeAJones
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