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A&P 1

Chapter 1: Introduction to A&P 1

TermDefinition
Anatomy Study of internal and external structures of the body
Physiology Study of functions
Atomic level Smallest unit of elements that maintains properties Ex: Carbon. Hydrogen, Oxygen
Molecular level Combinations of atoms; different properties than single atoms Ex: Water, DNA, Carbohydrates, Proteins
Cellular level Smallest unit of life; performs specific functions Ex: Neuron, Skin Cell, Muscle Cell
Tissue level Groups of cells; perform a function Ex: Muscle, Connective, Epithelial, Neural
Organ level Two or more types of tissues; perform a specific task Ex: Heart, Stomach, Liver
Organ System level Group of organs; perform generalized set of functions Ex: Circulatory System, Digestive system
Organismal level Organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis Ex: Human
Hierarchal A smaller set that fits within a smaller set
Digestive System Food processing; water/nutrient absorption
Urinary System Removal of liquid waste; regulates water balance
Respiratory System Gas exchange, communication
Cardiovascular system Distributes cells, gases, chemicals, wastes; temperature control
Endocrine system Body regulation; directs long term changes
Nervous system Communication; body control; detects, interprets, sensory input
Skeletal system Support; stores minerals; produces blood cells
Muscular system Movement; support; generates heat
Integumentary system Protection; temperature control; senses; fat storage (skin)
Lymphatic and immune system Defends against infection; returns tissue fluid to blood
Reproductive system (female) produces eggs; offspring development
Reproductive system (male) produces and delivers sperm
Homestatsis A stable environment in the body; physically/chemically; intrinsic extrinsic; negative and positive feedback
Receptor (sensor) Receives the stimulus; sends feedback
Control Center Processes signal; sends instructions
Effector Carries out instructions
Negative Feedback The response of the effector reduces effect of change in variable; body is brought back to homeostasis (back to normal range) 1. A variable moves away from homeostasis 2. Receptors detect change 3. Effector reduces the effect of the stimulus
Positive Feedback The response of the effector increases change of the stimulus; body moves away from homeostasis (normal range lost); escalates process
Dynamic Equilibrium Around a set point, but continual adaptation; constant adjustment to maintain equilibrium
Frontal Forehead
Nasal Nose
Ocular/Orbital Eye
Optic Ear
Buccal Cheek
Cervical Neck
Thoracic Thorax; chest
Mammary Breast
Abdominal Abdomen
Umbilical Navel
Pelvic Pelvis
Trunk Thoracic, Mammary, Abdominal, Umbilical, Pelvic
Cranial Skull
Facial Face
Cephalic Head
Oral Mouth
Mental Chin
Axillary Armpit
Brachial Arm
Antecubital Front of elbow
Antebrachial Forearm
Superior vs Inferior Higher level v. lower level
Caudal vs Cranial Toward tail vs toward head
Proximal vs. Distal Toward base vs. away from base
Lateral vs. Medial Away from midline vs. toward midline
Anterior (ventral) vs. Posterior (dorsal) Front vs. back
Body Cavity Protects organs from accidental shocks; allows changes in size and shape of internal organs; lined with serous (watery) membranes; closed of holes in the human body
Serous Membranes Covers organs and cavity walls; keeps surfaces moist; reduces friction
Ventral Body Cavity (coelom) Divided by the diaphragm; thoracic cavity (heart and lungs); abdominopelvic cavity (digestive, reproductive, excretory organs)
Created by: cjones162
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