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7.13 - Joints

TermDefinition
Fibrous Joints Dense connective tissue, Mostly immovable
Cartilaginous Joints Cartilage, Slightly movable, Absorb shock
Synovial Joints Complex Structure, Freely movable, Make up most joints of the skeleton
Ball & Socket Joint Allows widest range of motion, Ex: Shoulder and hip joints
Condylar Joint Permits back and forth and side to side motion but not rotation, Ex: Joints between metacarpals and phalanges
Plane Joint Allows a sliding or twisting movement, Ex: Joints of the wrist and ankle and those between vertebrae
Hinge Joint Allows movement in one plane like a door hinge, Ex: Elbow and joints between phalanges
Pivot Joint Allows only rotation around a central axis, Ex: Joint between the atlas and axis
Saddle Joint Permits a variety of movement mostly in two planes, Ex: Joint between the trapezium and the metacarpal of the thumb
Flexion Bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases
Extension Straightening parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases
Lateral Flexion Bending the head, neck, or trunk to the side
Hyperextension Straightening beyond normal anatomical position
Abduction Moving a body part away from the midline
Adduction Moving a body part toward the midline
Dorsiflexion Ankle movement that brings the foot closer to the shin
Plantar Flexion Ankle movement that moves the foot farther from the shin; pointing the feet
Rotation Movement of a part around an axis
Circumduction Movement of a part so its end follows a circular path
Pronation Rotation of the forearm so that the palm is facing downward or posteriorly
Supination Rotation of the forearm so that the palm is facing upward or anteriorly
Inversion Turning the sole of the foot medially
Eversion Turning the sole of the foot laterally
Protraction Moving a part of the body forward
Retraction Moving a part of the body backward
Elevation Raising a part of the body
Depression Lowering a part of the body
Created by: Malia.grace08
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