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Chapter 15: Muscle
Musculoskeletal System Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acetabulum | Rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis, which joins the femur, forming the hip joint |
| Acromion | Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder |
| Articular Cartilage | Thin layer of cartilage surrounding the bone in the joint space |
| Bone | Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton |
| Calcium | One of the mineral constituents of bone |
| Cartilaginous Tissue | Flexible, rubbery connective tissue |
| Collagen | Dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues |
| Compact Bones | Skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal |
| Diaphysis | Shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone |
| Disk (disc) | Flat, round, plate-like structure. An intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous substance between two vertebrae |
| Epiphyseal Plate | Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton |
| Epiphysis | Each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate |
| Facial Bones | Bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic |
| Fissure | Narrow, slit-like opening in or between bones |
| Fontanelle | Soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant |
| Foramen | Opening or passage in bones where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave |
| Fossa | Shallow cavity in a bone |
| Haversian canals | Minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone |
| Malleolus | Round process on both sides of the ankle joint |
| Manubrium | Upper portion of the sternum; articulates with the medial aspect of the clavicle |
| Mastoid Process | Round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear |
| Medullary Cavity | Central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long house |
| Metaphysis | Flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal place |
| Olecranon | large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of the flexed elbow |
| Osseous Tissue | Bone tissue |
| Ossification | Process of bone formation |
| Osteoblast | Bone cell that helps form bony tissue |
| Osteoclast | Bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue |
| Periosteum | Membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue |
| Phosphorus | Mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium |
| Pubic Symphysis | Area of confluence of the two pubic bones in the pelvis |
| Red Bone Marrow | Found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis |
| Ribs | Twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall |
| Sella Turcica | Depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located |
| Sinus | Hollow air cavity within a bone |
| Styloid Process | Pole-like process extending downard from the temporal bone on each side of the skull |
| Suture | Joint between bones, such as the skull |
| Temporomandibular Joint | Connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and madibular bone of the jaw |
| Trabeculae | Supporting bundles of body fibers in cancellous bone |
| Trochanter | Large process at the neck of the femur; attachment site for muscles and tendons |
| Tubercle | Rounded, small process on bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons |
| Tuberosity | Rounded process on bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons |
| Vertebra | Individual backbone composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, lamina, and neural canal |
| Xiphoid Process | Lower, narrow portion of the sternum |
| Yellow Bone Marrow | Fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones |
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