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immunohema
immunohematology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Most fatal transfusion reactions are caused by | Clerical errors |
| Samples must be collected when | 3 days of schedule transfusion |
| Blood bank must have 2 unique patient identifiers | date of collection and initials |
| When can a electronic crossmatch replace an Immediate spin crossmatch | When 2 blood types are on the file and antibody screen is negative |
| In a emergency,you can uncrossmatched group O with | Rh-negative packed RBCs |
| Transfusion therapy | used for blood loss,insufficient proteins for hemostasis |
| A unit of whole blood or packed RBCs should increase | hemocrit 3% or hemoglobin level 1.0-1.5 |
| Leukocyte reduced filters can | prevent non hemoltic transfusion, reduce the risk of HLA and CMV infection |
| When can you used factor IX | Patient with Hemoglobin B |
| Replacement of massive transfusion within 24 hours | 10 units of blood in a adult |
| Irradiation | Gamma or electron treatment of cellular blood |
| All cellular blood components to be irradiated | necessary for bone marrow transplatation |
| How much plateletpheresis be prepared from one donor | 3 X 10/11 platelets |
| Needle stick accident with infectious blood | Hep B immuneglobulin |
| Life threating neutropenia | Granulocytes pheresis |
| Anaphylaxis | Washed or deglycerolized RBCs |
| Repeated febrile transfusion reactions | leukocyte reduced RBCs |
| Directed donation from a blood relative | Irradiated RBCs |
| Cryoprecipitate | Factor VIII deficiency |
| FFP | Vitamin K deficiency and hemorrhage |
| Factor VIII | Hemo A |
| Factor IX | Hemo B |
| Fibrinogen deficiency | Cryoprecipitate |
| Increase oxygen-carrying capacity | RBCs |
| Bone marrow transplant patient with anemia unresponsive to iron and vit B12 therapy | Irradiated RBCs |
| Lewis antibodies | are capable of binding complement and enhanced by enzymes |
| Lele genotype | Common in blacks |
| Le(a-b+)Lewis phenotype | most common in whites or blacks |
| What is formed when a second L-fucose is added to the #4 carbon of N-acetyl-D | Le/b antigen |
| What expression is needed for a Le/a substance | Le gene |
| What is needed to form Le/b substance | Le and Se genes |
| Glycoprotein | Lewis antigens in secretions |
| Absorbed from plasma onto RBC membranes | Glycolipids |
| Anti M and anti N | do not bind complement or react with enzymes |
| IgG antibodies | Anti S and anti s |
| Anti U | IgG antibody associated with transfusion reactions and HDN |
| P1 antigen | Poorly develope at birth |
| Anti P1 | IgM antibody and cold reactive |
| Anti-PP1 Pk | Produced by all P individuals early in life, without RBCs sensitization |
| Found as a naturally occurring alloantibody in sera of all Pk individuals | Anti P |
| PCH | Caused by autoantibodies that demonstrate anti P |
| Anti I | Weak, naturally occurring IgM, detect at 4C |
| Pathogenic anti I | Strong cold autoagglutinin with high titer at 4C |
| Anti i | is a rare IgM agglutinin |
| Develope at birth and not destroyed by enzymes | Kell blood group antigens |
| Kell blood group antigens | Destroyed by DTT, ZZAP,and glycine-acid-EDTA |
| This antigen is rated second only to D antigen in immunogencity | K |
| What antigens are destroyed by enzymes and ZZAP | Fy-a and Fy-b |
| Common cause for delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions | Kidd system antibodies |
| Anti jka/jkb | demonstrate dosage and are IgG antiglobin reactive |
| Lu(a-b-) | rare from 3 different genectic backgrounds |
| Antibody detection cells will not routinely detect antibody specificity | Anti-Kpa |
| Which blood system is associated with resistance to P.vivax malaria | Duffy |
| Which antibodies does not fit with the others with respect to the optimum phase | Anti-P1 |
| Lewis system | Not manufactured by RBC as other antigens |
| Soluble substance secreted into plasma and secretions In plasma | glycolipids |
| Soluble substance secreted into plasma and secretions in secretions | glycoproteins |
| Adsorbed onto RBC’s and Tissues as | Glycolipids |
| Le a and b | are not alleles |
| Genotype is lele, Have gene, but mutated May form Lewis Antibodies, Common in blacks | Le (a=b=) |
| Le (a=b+) | secretors |
| Le (a+b=) | non-secretors |
| What happens when Le a and b both in secretions | b only adsorbed onto RBC |
| Le (a=b=) | first 10 days |
| Le and sese have | Leª in saliva |
| Naturally occurring; don’t require exposure | Lewis antibodies |
| Lewis Antibodies | Usually IgM; rarely IgG |
| M,N,S,s are known as | Alleles |
| MNS System | Wide range of reaction temperatures M,N sometimes 18⁰C S,s usually AHG |
| Phenotypes P1 (most common) | P2 p P1k P2k |
| IgM, cold reacting, Enhanced by enzyme treatment, May be associated with parasitic infections | P System |
| present on all adult cells | Anti I antigen |
| Anti I antigen | absent on cord blood cells |
| Anti I antibody | Reactive with all adult cells; anti-i rare, reacts with cord cells |
| Anti I antibody | Cold reactive, best at 4 degrees |
| K (kell), k (Celano), Kpa (20% freq. in blacks), Kpb, Jsa, Jsb | Major antigens |
| Kidd System | Genetics: chromosome 18 |
| Chromosome #1,Present on fetal cells in uteroFya-b- phenotype associated with Malaria | Duffy System |
| appears as an inseparable combination of anti-Fya+b | Fy3 |
| what happens to anti-Fy 3,4,5 during treatment | Not destroyed by enzymes |
| Genetics: Lu gene, chromosome 19,Antigens: Lua low frequency, Lub high frequency | Lutheran System |
| refers to the presence of the antigen on a panel | + |
| O | refers to the absence of the antigen |
| An antibody will only react with cells that have the corresponding antigen | antibodies will not react with cells that do not have the antigen |
| Landsteiner’s Rule | Individuals DO NOT make allo-antibodies against antigens they have. |
| P1 substance is found | sometimes derived from hydatid cyst fluid |
| Lea and Leb substance is found | soluble antigen found in plasma and saliva |
| I substance is found | can be found in breast milk |
| Sda substance is found | human or guinea pig urine |
| Dithiothreitol (DTT) | is a thiol and will denature Kell antigens |
| Autoadsorption | technique in which the autoantibody is removed from the patients serum using their own red cells |
Created by:
hintonworld
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