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unit 1 study guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | the study of the structure of an organism |
| Physiology | the study of how that organism's body functions |
| Levels of Organization | cell-tissue-organ-system-organism |
| Cell | smallest unit of all living things |
| Tissue | similar cells with a common function |
| Organ | made of 2 or more types of tissues |
| System | group of organs working toward a common goal |
| Organism | highest level of structural organization for an individual |
| Skeletal system | provides support and protection, gives body shape .- bones, ligaments, cartilage, joints |
| Nervous system | detects impulses from the senses; control center.- brain, spinal cord, senses, nerves |
| Circulatory system | transports nutrients and gases around the body. - heart, blood, blood vessels |
| Respiratory system | exchanges gases (oxygen & CO2) - lungs, sinuses, diaphragm |
| Digestive system | breaks down and absorbs food. - mouth esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder |
| Muscular system | provides movement for all parts of the body. - skeletal and smooth muscles |
| Integumentary system | protect the body, regulate temperature, and prevent water loss. - skin, hair, nails |
| Lymphatic system | fights infection and provides fluid for cells. - spleen, thymus gland, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes |
| Excretory system | removes waste from the blood. - kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra |
| Endocrine system | secretes hormones. - glands (hypothalamus, pituitary, thymus, adrenals, ovaries, testes) |
| Reproductive system | produces cells used in sexual reproduction. - ovaries, vagina, testes, penis |
| Anatomical terminology | helps anatomists discuss parts of the body easily and efficiently |
| Anatomical position | body is straight with feet slightly apart and thumbs pointed away from the body. |
| Body cavities | spaces that provide protection for the organs within them. |
| Dorsal body cavity | encloses the brain and spinal cord |
| Meninges | membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord |
| Ventral body cavity | protect visceral organs made up of 3 major divisions (thoracic, abdominal, pelvic) |
| Serosa | double-layered membrane that lines the ventral body cavities |
| Visceral serosa | inner layer of ventral body cavities |
| Parietal serosa | outer layer of ventral body cavities |
| Serous fluid | `fluid between the visceral and parietal serosas |
| Homeostasis | `A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level |
| cell differentiation | the process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function. |
| thoracic cavity | hollow space surrounded by the rib cage and the diaphragm that contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, thymus. , sympathetic trunk, and the great vessels |
Created by:
broggi.michelle
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