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The Endocrine System
For BIO 202 Lab
| Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | Hormone secreted by the Adenohypophysis that stimulates the secretion of ovarian sex hormones, sperm production, and the development of the ovarian follicles |
| Luteinizing hormone (LH) | Hormone secreted by the Adenohypophysis that stimulates ovulation and progesterone production in females and the production of testosterone in males |
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | Hormone secreted by the Adenohypophysis that simulates the secretion of thyroid hormones |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | Hormone secreted by the Adenohypophysis that stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids |
| Prolactin (PRL) | Hormone secreted by the Adenohypophysis that stimulates milk production in the mammary glands |
| Growth Hormone (GH) | Hormone secreted by the Adenohypophysis that stimulates mitosis and cellular differentiation |
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | Vasopressin; hormone created by the hypothalamus and secreted by the neurohypophysis that retains water, decreases urination, and constricts the blood vessels (vasoconstriction) |
| Oxytocin | Hormone created by the hypothalamus and secreted by the neurohypophysis that is responsible for sexual pleasure, emotional bonding, the movement of milk in the mammary glands, and labor |
| Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) | Hormone created and released by the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of LH and FSH |
| Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) | Hormone created and released by the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of TSH |
| Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) | Hormone created and released by the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of ACTH |
| Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH) | Hormone created and released by the hypothalamus that inhibits the secretion of the hormone prolactin |
| Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) | Hormone created and released by the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of growth hormone |
| Somatostatin | Hormone created and released by the hypothalamus that inhibits the release of growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone |
| Growth Hormone-Inhibiting Hormone | Hormone created and secreted by the hypothalamus that inhibits the release of growth hormone |
| Prolactin releasing hormone | Hormone created and secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of prolactin |
| Prolactin inhibiting hormone | Hormone created and secreted by the hypothalamus that inhibits the release of prolactin |
| Oxytocin | Hormone created by the hypothalamus and secreted by the neurohypophysis that is responsible for sexual pleasure, emotional bonding, the movement of milk in the mammary glands, and labor |
| Antidiuretic Hormone | Vasopressin; hormone created by the hypothalamus and secreted by the neurohypophysis that retains water, decreases urination, and constricts the blood vessels (vasoconstriction) |
| Melatonin | Hormone released by the pineal gland that has a role in sleep and the circadian rhythm |
| Calcitonin | Hormone secreted by the parafollicular cells in the thyroid that stimulates bone formation and osteoblasts in children |
| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) | Hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that promotes the synthesis of calcitriol and the subsequent retention of calcium ions |
| Thyroxine and triiodothyronine | T3 and T4 hormone; a pair of hormones secreted by the thyroid gland that increases the metabolic rate of the body, which subsequently increases O2 demand, appetite, alertness, reflex speed, and growth hormone secretion |
| Thymosin | Hormone secreted by the thymus that develops the lymphatic system |
| Glucagon | Hormone secreted by alpha cells in the pancreas; raises blood glucose, stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, releases free fatty acids from fat tissue, and promotes amino acid absorption for gluconeogenesis |
| Insulin | Hormone secreted by beta cells in the pancreas; lowers blood glucose, gets cells to absorb and store glucose, and promotes synthesis of glycogen, fat, and protein. The brain, liver, kidneys, and red blood cells do not need this hormone to function |
| Aldosterone | A mineralocorticoid secreted from the adrenal cortex that stimulates sodium retention and potassium excretion. It is part of a system with renin and angiotensin (RAA). |
| Androgens | Sex steroid secreted by the adrenal cortex that sets libido and plays a large role in male development |
| Cortisol | Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that helps break down fats and proteins, the release of fatty acids and glucose into the blood, and gluconeogenesis |
| Catecholamines | Epinephrine and Norepinephrine; hormones that increase alertness and prepare the body for physical activity |
| Testosterone | The primary sex hormone in males; secreted by the testes, and promotes the development of male secondary sex characteristics like body hair and muscle mass |
| Estrogen | The primary sex hormone in females; though secreted in both sexes, it is found in greater quantities in females and is responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics like breasts |
| Gastrin | Hormone secreted by the stomach that stimulates the release of stomach acid |
| Erythropoietin | Hormone secreted by the kidneys and the liver that stimulates red blood cell formation (erythropoiesis) |
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