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Chapter 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is articulation? | Where two bones meet |
| What is Kinesiology? | Study of motion |
| Two categories of joint movement? | Structural and functional |
| Functional is based on | Amount of movement possible- range of motion |
| Structural is based on? | Anatomy only. |
| 3 classes of functional joints? (S.A.D) | Synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and diarthrotic |
| 3 matrices of structural joints? Mixed type? | Fibers, cartilage, bone, and Synovial |
| Synarthrosis definition and example? | Extremely strong, no ROM. Ex- skull sutures |
| Amphiarthrosis definition and example? | Some ROM, but made for stability. Ex-ankles and wrists |
| Diarthrosis definition and example? | Full range of motion, but unstable. Ex- shoulders and knees |
| What is not important in the structural category? | Range of motion |
| Is the presence of a joint cavity important to structural or functional category? | Structural |
| Description of a synovial joint? | Contain all three matrices and a joint cavity |
| Are joints that allow free ROM stronger or weaker? | Weaker |
| 4 Types of synarthrotic joints? (No rom) | Suture, gomphosis, synchondrosis, and synostosis |
| 2 types of amphiarthrotic joints? Some rom | Syndesmosis and symphysis |
| One type of diarthrotic joints? Free rom | Synovial joint |
| Suture description and example? | Sewn together, found only in skull |
| Description of gomphosis and example | Fibrous connection, binds teeth to socket |
| Description of synchondrosis and example? | Rigid cartilage bridge between two bones, growth plate and ribs 1&2 |
| Description of synostosis and example | Two bones fuse together and boundary disappears, frontal and mandible bone |
| What does metopic sutures require? | Surgical correction |
| Description and example of syndesmosis? | Bones connected by ligaments, tibia/fibula and radius/ulna |
| Description and example of symphysis? | Two bones connected by a wedge of tough fibrocartilage, pubic symphysis |
| Synovial joint features? | Only type of diarthrotic joint, and has full range of motion |
| What are the two parts of joint capsule? | Fibrous capsule (outside) and synovial membrane (inside) |
| What makes synovial fluid? | Synovial membrane |
| Function of articular cartilage? How? | Reduces friction in joints during movement due to synovial fluid |
| What does articular cartilage resemble? | Hyaline cartilage but has more water |
| Most common type of arthritis and its cause? | Osteoarthritis due to damage to cartilage |
| Three functions of synovial fluid? | Lubrication, nutrient distribution, and shock absorption |
| How does synovial fluid work to create lubrication? | Cartilage like a sponge filled with synovial fluid creates a hydroplane surface to prevent friction |
| How does synovial fluid work to distribute nutrients? | Chondrocytes live in a vascular articular cartilage, which are then distributed by the vacuum created by movement. |
| How does synovial fluid cause shock absorption? | Viscosity increases with pressure, but decreases with less pressure |
| Is high viscosity thick or thin? | Thick |
| How does synovial fluid change if stressed? | Becomes thicker |
| Four accessory structures of synovial joints? | Meniscus, fat pad, accessory ligaments, and bursae |
| What is the meniscus? Where is it found? | Tough fibrocartilage between bones, found in knee and TMJ |
| What is the fat pad? | Adipose found outside joint capsule, fills in empty space when joints move |
| Where are Accessory ligaments found? | Can be inside or outside the synovial joint |
| What is the bursae and what is its function? | Thin fluid filled pockets in CT, protects where a tendon or ligament rubs against tissue, reduces friction and acts as shock absorbers |
| What are synovial tendon sheaths? | Tubular bursae surrounding long tendons passing over wrist and ankle joints |
| What is swelling and inflammation of a bursa called? | Bursitis |
| What is the difference between dislocation and subluxation? | Dislocation is articulation surfaces forced out of position while subluxation is partial dislocation |
| What are the three types of arthritis? | Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid, and gouty |
| Osteoarthritis causes and treatment? | Repetitive motion of opposing joint surfaces and some genetic factors. Pain management and/or surgical correction |
| Does bone mass increase or decrease as you age? | Decreases |
| Risks of bone mass decreasing in elderly | Hip fracture, dislocation or pelvic fracture |
| What is gouty arthritis? | Occurs when crystals (uric acid or calcium salts) form within synovial fluid |
| Bone contains 99% of total body... | Calcium |
| Factors of gouty arthritis? | Metabolic disorders, Consuming meat, seafood, beer (purines) and being overweight |
| Factors affecting bone strength? | Age, physical stress, hormone levels, calcium and phosphorus uptake, genetic and enviro,ents, factors |
| Disorders in other body systems can cause... | Bone tumors, osteoporosis, arthritis and rickets |
| Ion that is stored in bone then released to blood | Calcium |
| What is rickets? | Vitamin D deficiency |
Created by:
akc02040
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