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Sem 2-Midterm
A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adductor muscle that is also a knee flexor | Gracilis |
| The ABCD warning signs of cancer | Asymmetry-Border-Irregularity-Color-Diameter |
| Specialized capillaries that produce CSF | Choroid Plexus |
| Layer of skin is avascular tissue | Epidermis |
| Neuronal pathway creates an immediate motor response to sensory input | Reflex Arc |
| Why is it important for manual therapist to know the warning signs of skin cancer | The skin is the communication interface between theripist and client |
| The segment of skin that carries sensory information from a specific region of skin into the spinal cord along a specific nerve | Dermatomes |
| Statement that best describes the function of neurotransmitters | Chemical that transmits information from one neuron to another; carry impulse across synapse |
| A wheelbarrow and standing heel raise exercises are examples of what class of lever | Second |
| Type of range of motion assessment is best at identifying a muscle strain | Isometric Resistive |
| The white matter of the spinal cord is made up of | Myelinated Axon |
| What portion of a muscle cell is the actual contractile unit | Sarcomere |
| A nerve impulse is a one-way transmission that travels the full length of the neuron | True: From dendrite to cellbody to axon |
| What fascial layer surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber | Endomysium |
| Salutatory nerve impulse conduction only occurs on what kind of axon | Myelinated |
| Pain that occurs in a predictable, but separate region from its origin is called referred pain | True |
| Cranial nerve is affected in the pathway of Bell's Palsy | Facial Nerve (VII) |
| The six categories of sensory receptors are the Thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors and | Chemoreceptors, nociceptors, Prorioceptors |
| The function of the ependymal cells in the nervous system | CSF homeostasis, brain metabolism, and clearing waste from the brain |
| Saltatory conduction is faster than regular nerve impulse conduction | True |
| Taking an aspirin to relieve pain is an example of using anesthesia | False |
| Most lateral muscle of the erector spinae group | LLiocostalis |
| Name for the region of the brain that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum | Corpus Callosum |
| The three cutaneous receptors located in the papillary zone of the dermis and sensitive to superficial stimulus are free never endings, Merkel disc, and | Meissner's Corpuscles |
| What are the two basic categories of fiber arrangements in the skeletal muscles | Pennate & Parallel |
| Connective tissue components of the skeletal muscle is classified as organized fibrous | Tendon |
| Characteristic do all 31 pair of spinal nerve share | They are mixed nerves |
| Name of cranial nerve V | Trigeminal |
| The most common type of skin cancer is basal cell carcinoma | True |
| Touch, pressure, stretch compression, and torsion are all stimuli that will activate what type of receptor | Mechanoreceptor |
| The three types of epithelial membranes in the body are the cutaneous, and | Mucus and Serous |
| Another term for cutaneous receptors | General sense receptors |
| Two major divisions of the nervous system | Central nervous system & Peripheral Nervous system |
| Division of the autonomic system is known as the "feed and breed" system | Parasympathetic nervous system |
| Radiating pain that shoots down or out an extremity is called referred pain | False |
| Function of tendon | Connect muscle to bone |
| Portion of the neuron that first receives stimulus | Dendrite |
| The primary accessory organs in skin are the hair, nail, sweat glands, and | Sensory receptors and oil glands |
| What change occurs in a muscle during an eccentric contraction | Tension release and muscle lengthening |
| What is the common function of the brachioradialis, brachialis, and biceps brachii muscle | Elbow flexion of forearm |
| Layer of the epidermis that is most superficial | Horny layer |
| Name of the highly sensitive area on the muscle fiber at the neuromuscular junction between the muscle and motor neuron | Motor endplate |
| Myofilament bonding of a muscle contraction can only occur in the presence of what element | Calcium |
| A broad, flat sheet of at least two layers of tissue | Membrane |
| Most accurate statement about motor units | 1 motor neuron + multiple muscle fibers |
| A skeletal muscle fiber, or muscle cell, is made up of smaller fibers | Myofibrils |
| The stomach, heart, and lungs are examples of somatic effectors | False |
| The name of the thin superficial layer of dermis | Papilliary Region |
| What is the name of the physiologic theory that explains the relationship between muscle length and the force generated by its contraction | Length-strength ratio |
| What movement role is a muscle playing when it assists larger muscle during a particular motion | Synergist |
| What structure is nicknamed "sensory clearinghouse" because it sorts and prioritizes virtually all sensory information | Thalmus |
| Which sensory pathway links directly to the mamillary bodies of the limbic system to stimulate strong emotional and memory response | Olfactory |
| Psychogenic pain is believed to come from the mind because it has no known physical cause | True |
| Which of these cutaneous receptors is more sensitive to deep tactile stimulus | Pacinian Corpuscles |
| Function of the cerebellum of the brain | Controls balance-Posture-coordinates voluntary muscle activity and regulates resting muscle tone |
| Cranial nerve innervates the abdominal viscera | Vagus (X) |
| What body region does the brachial nerve plexus innervate | Pectoral Girdle & entire upper extremities |
| What is the dorsal root ganglion | "bubble" of nerve tissue containing cell bodies of the sensory neurons |
| Which of these terms are synonymous with the motor tract of the spinal cord | Anterior and descending tract (motor tract) |
| Common function of the anterior and posterior tibialis | Inversion |
| Term that describes the status of a neuron at rest | Polarized |
| Why is it important for manual therapist to know the anatomy and physiology of the skin | The skin is the communication interface between therapist and client |
| Which type of accessory gland plays the larger role in regulation of temperature, pH, and fluid balance | Eccrine Glands |
| Function of the pia mater | Supports large blood vessels traveling along the surface of the brain and spinal cord, joins with ependymal cells that produce CSF |
| Even though movements are rarely created by one single muscle, the one that is largest and has the best angle of pull across the joint is generally considered | Agonist |
| Golgi tendon organs, muscle spindles, and joint receptors are all examples of what type of receptor | Proprioceptor |
| What type of bacteria is responsible for the most common types of bacterial skin infections | Staphylococcus |
| Function of the reticular activating system (RAS) of the brain stem | Transfers incoming sensory information to the brain to maintain an alert state in the cerebral cortex |
| The most important anatomic and physiologic connection between the nervous system and endocrine system occur in what structure | Hypothalmus |
| The consistent state of low-grade tension in a muscle generated by a tonic contraction | Motor tone |
| Structures that are a primary component of the central nervous system (CNS) | Brain and spinal cord |
| The olfactory and gustatory receptors are both examples of what type of receptor | Chemoreceptor |
| Two most common and highly contagious parasitic infections | Scabies and Lice |
| What is the designation for the spinal nerve between the 7th and T1 vertebrae | C8 |
| The function of the muscular system are to maintain posture, create movement and | Stabilize joints and generate heat |
| Type of stimulus are nociceptors sensitive to | Pain receptors stimulated by damaged tissue |
| What is the name of the connective tissue covering around the brain and spinal cord | Meninges |
| Definition of threshold stimulus | Minimum amount of stimulus required to evoke a response |
| Where does a somatic motor neuron originate | The ventral horn of the spinal cord |
| As a therapist touches their client, what kind of information is communicated to the client | Their own tissue status and the nature of the therapist touch |
| The function of the retinaculi in the muscular system | Tension straps that hold tendon in place |
| What neuroglial tissue insulates and protects the axons of peripheral nerves | Myelin |
| Which of these structures is a primary component of the peripheral nervous system | Trigenunal (Autonomic and Somatic nervous system) |
| The physiologic changes that accompany a sympathetic response include increase in heart and respiratory rate | Constricts blood vessels in visceral and small muscle; dilates blood vessels in the large skeletal muscles; increases blood pressure |
| The tactile information gathered by the developing fetus creates a neural map of the body on the brain | Homunculus |
| The function of mucus in the digestive tract | Protecting the tract from erosion and facilitating swallowing food |
| Kind of stimulus are nociceptors sensitive to | Mechanical |
| What fascial layer forms the outer most envelope of the muscle and anchors it to the hypodermis | Epimysium |
| Which of these skeletal muscles is a type of pennate muscle | Deltiod |
| What is the first step in neuronal impulse conduction, once threshold stimulus has been applied to the neuron | Depolarization |
| The functions of the integumentary system are protection, absorption, and excretion, synthesis of Vit D and | Temperature Regulation and Sensation |
| Which layer of skin contains the blood vessels and sensory receptors | Dermis |
| Statement that best explanation of reciprocal inhibition | Agonist is signaled to contract causing antagonist to be inhibited |
| The key characteristics of skeletal muscle include being excitable, contractible; | Extensible and Elastic |
| What movement role is an extensor muscle playing during a flexion motion | Antagonist |
| What is a warning sign that skin growth could be malignant melanoma | An irregular shaped border around mole |
| Inflammation of a nerve or nerves is called neuralgia | False |
| Functions of the CSF | Cushion from injury and provide nutrients |
| Fascia is classified as what type of connective tissue | Disorganized fibrous |
| The sarcomere of the skeletal muscle is a small unit of bundled | Actin and Myosin |
| Cranial nerve is a sensory only nerve | Olfactory |
| Type of neuron connects sensory and motor pathways | Intergrative |
| A muscle that opposes or slow down a specific motion is playing the movement role? | Antagonist |
| What is the anatomic name for a broad sheet of connective tissue that serves as the attachment point for several muscles in the torso or thigh | Aponeurosis |
| Which function of the nervous system is described as the capacity t process sensory information and direct single or multiple body responses | Integrative |
| Muscle whos nicknamed "Lat's little helper" | Teres Major |
| What types of stimulus are the cutaneous receptors of the skin sensitive to | Touch, pressure, temperature, and pain |
| After a bout of extended exercise, the breathing rate remains elevated for the amount of time it takes to metabolize lactic acid is called? | Repaying oxygen debt |
| Which type of receptor is a specialized mechanoreceptor found in the skeletal muscle and joints | Proprioceptors |
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JML19
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