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MMTC MedTerm CH10-11
Miller Motte Medical Terminology Terms for the Eyes and Ears
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| water | aque/o |
| eyelid | blephar/o |
| conjunctiva (to join together) | conjunctiv/o |
| cornea | corne/o, kerat/o |
| circle, ciliary body | cycl/o |
| colored circle, iris | ir/o, irid/o |
| tear | lacrim/o, dacry/o |
| eye | ocul/o, ophthalm/o, opt/o |
| lens (lentil) | phac/o, phak/o |
| light | phot/o |
| old age | presby/o |
| retina | retin/o |
| hard or sclera | scler/o |
| glassy | vitre/o |
| condition of vision | -opia (suffix) |
| watery liquid secreted by the ciliary processes that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens (humor = fluid) | aqueous humor |
| mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball | conjunctiva |
| transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract (bend) light to focus a visual image | cornea |
| movable, protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye | eyelid |
| pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision (fovea = pit) | fovea centralis |
| colored circle; colored part of the eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dilates to regulate light passing through the pupil | iris |
| gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears | lacrimal gland |
| tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac | lacrimal ducts |
| structure that collects tears before emptying into the nasolacrimal duct | lacrimal sac |
| transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina | lens |
| central region of the retina; responsible for central vision; yellow pigment provides its color (lutea = yellow) | macula lutea |
| passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose | nasolacrimal duct |
| exit site of retinal nerve fibers as well as entrance point for retinal arteries and exit point for retinal veins | optic disk |
| nerve responsible for carrying impulses for the sense of sight from the retina to the brain | optic nerve |
| black, circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye | pupil |
| innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve | retina |
| tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve | sclera |
| jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye | vitreous |
| double vision | diplopia |
| abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs | exophthalmos or exophthalmus |
| secretion of tears | lacrimation |
| involuntary, rapid, oscillating movement of the eyeball (nystagmos = a nodding) | nystagmus |
| extreme sensitivity to, and discomfort from, light | photophobia |
| blind spot in vision (skotos = darkness) | scotoma |
| involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing | blepharospasm |
| distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina (stigma = point) | astigmatism |
| farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina | hyperopia |
| nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays are focused on a point in front of the retina | myopia |
| impaired vision caused by old age or loss of accommodation | presbyopia |
| ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects | accomodation |
| fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea, developing most commonly from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light | pterygium |
| separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically | retinal detachment |
| a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance (strabismus = a squinting; hetero = other) | strabismus |
| surgical repair of an eyelid | blepharoplasty |
| excision of an eyeball | enucleation |
| excision of a portion of iris tissue | iridectomy |
| implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens (e.g., after cataract extraction) | intraocular lens (IOL) implant |
| agent that causes dilation of the pupil; used for certain eye examinations | mydriatic |
| agent that causes the pupil to contract (mio = less) | miotic |
| air or gas | aer/o |
| ear | aur/i, ot/o |
| wax | cerumin/o |
| eustachian tube or uterine tube | salping/o |
| eardrum | tympan/o, myring/o |
| hearing condition | -acusis (suffix) |
| outer structures of the ear that collect sound | external ear |
| auricle (little ear); projected part of the external ear (pinna = feather) | pinna |
| external passage for sounds collected from the pinna to the tympanum | external auditory meatus or canal |
| a waxy substance secreted by glands located throughout the external canal | cerumen |
| structures in the middle of the ear that vibrate sound from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear | middle ear |
| eardrum; drum-like structure that receives sound collected in the external auditory canal and amplifies it through the middle ear | tympanic membrane |
| hammer; first of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear | malleus |
| anvil; middle of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear | incus |
| stirrup; last of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear | stapes |
| auditory tube connecting the middle ear to the pharynx (throat) | eustachian tube, auditory tube |
| intricate, fluid-filled, intercommunicating bony and membranous passages that function in hearing by relaying sound waves to | labyrinth auditory nerve fibers on a path to the brain for interpretation; also sense body movement and position to maintain balance |
| coiled tubular structure of the inner ear that contains the organ of Corti (cochlea = snail) | cochlea |
| fluid that fills the bony labyrinth of the inner ear | perilymph |
| fluid within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear | endolymph |
| three canals within the inner ear that contain specialized receptor cells that generate nerve impulses with body movement | semicircular canals |
| earache | otalgia, otodynia |
| bleeding from the ear | otorrhagia |
| purulent drainage from the ear | otorrhea |
| a jingling; a ringing or buzzing in the ear | tinnitus |
| a turning round; dizziness | vertigo |
| inflammation of the external auditory meatus (canal) | otitis externa |
| excessive buildup of wax in the ear that often reduces hearing acuity, especially in elderly persons | cerumen impaction |
| inflammation of the eardrum | myringitis |
| inflammation of the eardrum | tympanitis |
| inflammation of the middle ear | otitis media |
| inflammation of the middle ear from changes in atmospheric pressure; often occurs with frequent air travel | aerotitis media |
| blockage of the eustachian tube, usually as a result of infection, as in otitis media | eustachian obstruction |
| hardening of the bony tissue in the ear | otosclerosis |
| benign tumor on the auditory nerve (8th cranial nerve) that causes vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss | acoustic neuroma |
| inflammation of the labyrinth (inner ear) | labyrinthitis |
| disorder of the inner ear resulting from an excessive buildup of endolymphatic fluid, causing episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, and hearing loss; one or both ears can be affected, and attacks vary in both frequency and intensity | Ménière disease |
| general term for partial or complete loss of hearing | deafness |
| hearing impairment in old age | presbyacusis |
| instrument to measure hearing | audiometer |
| health professional who specializes in the study of hearing impairments | audiologist |
| use of an otoscope to examine the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane | otoscopy |
| acous/o, audi/o | hearing |
| vein graft of a scarred tympanic membrane to improve sound conduction | tympanoplasty |
| introduction of a medicated solution into the external canal, usually administered by drop (gt) or drops (gtt) in the affected ears. | ear instillation |
| incision into the eardrum, most often for insertion of a small polyethylene (PE) tube to keep the canal open and prevent fluid buildup, such as occurs in otitis media | myringotomy |
| surgical repair of the external ear | otoplasty |
| an electronic device implanted in the cochlea that provides sound perception to patients with severe or profound sensorineural (nerve) hearing loss in both ears | cochlear implant |
| irrigation of the external ear canal, often to remove excessive buildup of cerumen | ear lavage |
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evinsmc
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