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Ch. 8
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| Fundamental rights and freedoms protected from infringement by the government | Civil liberties |
| Protections from discrimination as a member of a particular group | Civil rights |
| The clause in the Fourteenth Amendment that restricts state governments from denying their citizens their life, liberty, or property without legal safeguards | Due process clause |
| A judicial doctrine whereby most but not all of the protections found in the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the states via the Fourteenth Amendment | Selective incorporation |
| Prohibits the national government from establishing a national religion | Establishment clause |
| Prohibits the US Government from interfering with a citizen’s right to practice his or her religion | Free exercise clause |
| Speech of such a nature that will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent | Clear and present danger |
| Activity is stopped before it actually happens | Prior restraint |
| Protected expression in the form of images, signs, and other symbols | Symbolic speech |
| Written false statements that publish a report of falsehoods that injure a person’s reputation or character | Libel |
| Spoken false statements that hold a person up for contempt, ridicule, or hatred | Slander |
| Speech that is offensive and indecent | Obscenity |
| A law punishing people for acts that were not crimes at the time they were committed | Ex Post facto law |
| When the legislature declares someone guilty without a trial | Bill of attainder |
| The right of people detained by the government to know the charges against them | Writ of habeas corpus |
| A judicial standard requiring that fairness be applied to all individuals equally | Procedural due process |
| Reasonable belief that a crime has been committed or that there is evidence indicating so | Probable cause |
| Evidence obtained without a warrant is inadmissible in court | Exclusionary rule |
| A group of citizens who, based on the evidence presented to them, decide whether or not a person should be indicted and subsequently tried in a court of law | Grand jury |
| Protects an individual acquitted of a crime from being charges with the same crime again in the same jurisdiction | Double jeopardy |
| The right to remain silent and to have an attorney present during questioning; these rights must be given by police to individuals in custody suspected of criminal activity | Miranda rights |
| An amount of money posted as a security to allow the charged individual to be freed while awaiting trial | Bail |
Created by:
CubSun
Popular American Government sets