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Digestive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Activation Energy | The minimum amount of extra energy required by a reacting molecule to get converted into product |
| Active Site | Determines whether the protein is functional when undergoing a reaction from an enzyme |
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | Source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level |
| Anabolism | Synthesize complex molecules |
| Basal metabolic rate (BMR) | The amount of energy your body needs to maintain homeostasis |
| Body mass index (BMI) | A measurement that is a ratio of your weight and height |
| Bolus | Provide a more compact package of food that can be better swallowed |
| Calorie | The amount of energy released when your body breaks down (digests and absorbs) food |
| Catabolism | What happens when you digest food and the molecules break down in the body for use as energy |
| Catalyst | Speeds up a chemical reaction, or lowers the temperature or pressure needed to start one, without itself being consumed during the reaction |
| Chyme | Increase the surface area of food to allow digestive enzymes to complete their work |
| Coenzyme | Intermediate carriers of electrons during these reactions or be transferred between enzymes as functional groups |
| Denaturation | Process modifying the molecular structure of a protein |
| Digestion | Breaks down food into nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins |
| Digestive system | Breaks down food into nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins |
| Enzyme | Help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies |
| Enzyme-Substrate Complex | Powers the activation energy of the reaction and promotes its rapid progression by providing certain ions or chemical groups that actually form covalent bonds with molecules as a necessary step of the reaction process |
| Esophagus | Transport food entering the mouth through the throat and into the stomach |
| Gallbladder | Stores and concentrates bile from the liver |
| Gastrointestinal tract | To digest and absorb ingested nutrients and to excrete waste products of digestion |
| Large intestine | To absorb water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and get rid of any waste products left over |
| Liver | Breaks down, balances, and creates the nutrients and also metabolizes drugs into forms that are easier to use for the rest of the body or that are nontoxic |
| Metabolism | Converting food into energy |
| Monomer | Create blocks for molecules |
| Oral cavity | Breathing, speaking, and digesting food |
| Pancreas | Creates natural juices called pancreatic enzymes to break down foods |
| Peristalsis | Move food through the digestive tract |
| Pharynx | Carries air, food and fluid down from the nose and mouth |
| Polymer | Comfort and facilitation of human life |
| Salivary amylase | Breaks down starches (complex carbohydrates) into sugars |
| Salivary glands | Facilitating mastication, swallowing, and speech, lubricating the oral mucosa, and providing an aqueous medium for taste perception |
| Small intestine | Helps to further digest food coming from the stomach |
| Stomach | Takes in food from the esophagus (gullet or food pipe), mixes it, breaks it down, and then passes it on to the small intestine in small portions |
| Substrate | Provides a surface for absorption |
Created by:
kennedy563084
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