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Aerospace Module 2
Civil Air Patrol: Aerospace Module 2 (Aircraft Systems and Airports)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is combustion? | The chemical process of burning |
| What is a combustion chamber? | An enclosed container in which fuel and air are burned for the production of energy |
| What is compression? | the act of making a given volume of gas smaller |
| What is a cycle? | a recurring series of events |
| How many cycles does an airplane engine have? | Four |
| What are the cycles of an airplane? | (1)Intake (2)Compression (3)Power (4)Exhaust |
| What is fuel? | A chemical substance which is used as a source of energy |
| What fuels an aircraft? | Gasoline, kerosene, and propane |
| What is a lean mixture? | A mixture of gasoline and air in which there is less fuel and more air |
| What is a magneto? | An electrical generator that produces power when rotated |
| What is a meter/metering in terms of an engine? | the process of allowing a precise amount of fuel to pass |
| What term refers to an airplane engine and its accessories? | Powerplant |
| What is a reciprocating engine? | A type of engine that processes air and fuel by a back and forth movement of its internal parts |
| What is a "rich mixture"? | A mixture of gasoline and air in which there is more gasoline and less air than needed for normal combustion |
| What is "stoichiometric"? | A ratio of fuel to air in which, upon combustion, all of the fuel is burned |
| What is the stoichiometric ration in terms of energy? | 15 parts air to 1 part gasoline |
| What is a "stroke" in terms of an airplane engine? | The movement of the piston to its limits within the combustion chamber |
| What does an airplane engine do? | It supplies power for the airplane and converts chemical energy into mechanical energy |
| What does a cylinder in the engine do? | Compresses and burns fuel |
| What does an intake valve do in an engine? | Intakes the fuel and air into the cylinder |
| What does an exhaust valve do in an engine? | Lets the exhaust gases out |
| What does the piston do in an engine? | Seals the gases in the cylinder, preventing loss of power |
| What is a piston in terms of the engine? | One of the walls of the combustion chamber |
| What does the connecting rod do in the engine? | Forms a link between the piston and crankshaft |
| What are the characteristics of an in-line engine? | Tall and the nose is slim |
| What engines are ideal for small aircraft? | V and horizontally because they are compact |
| What is the benefit of a radial engine? | Maximum cooling effieciency |
| What is the first stroke of the engine called and what does it do? | Intake stroke sucks fuel and air into the engine |
| What is the second stroke of the engine called and what does it do? | The Compression stroke compresses fuel and air |
| What is the third stroke called and what does it do? | The ignition/power stroke ignites the mixture forcing the piston downward, producing power to the propellor |
| What is the fourth stroke called and what does it do? | The Exhaust Stroke expels burned gases |
| What is the main difference between an airplane engine and a rocket engine? | A rocket engine carries oxygen with it, causing large amounts of pwoer |
| What is the main difference between a jet engine and an airplane engine? | The airplane has a spark plug for ignition and the jet engine maintains its combustion by the hot gases |
| What types of energy does an airplane convert into another? | Converts heat energy into mechanical energy |
| What type of energy turns a propellor? | Mechanical energy |
| What mixture is mixed into the carburetor? | Air and Gasoline |
| What chemical reaction causes gasoline and air to release energy? | Oxidation |
| What is a lean mixture? | Contains less fuel and more air than normal |
| What is one problem with the stoichiometric mixture? | It can get very hot and cause damage to the engine |
| What compounds are formed as "exhaust" and expelled? | Water, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide |
| What mixture do most modern engines operate on? | 12 parts air to 1 part fuel |
| What is the purpose of the throttle? | Operates the carburetor and controls the volume of fuel and air intake |
| What causes the carburetor to function? | The lower pressure created by the piston movement during the intake stroke |
| What is a venturi? | A restriction in the carburetor and causes air to accelerate |
| What is the purpose of the carburetor heat? | To melt ice under cold conditions to prevent inoperation |
| How many engine controls are in most training airplanes and what are they? | Two; Throttle and Mixture |
| What percentage of air is found 180000 ft above sea level? | 50% |
| What type of energy is required to operate aircraft equipment? | Electrical |
| What supplies electrical power to the spark plugs? | Magnetos |
| What does a throttle do? | It controls the engines speed to regulate the intake of air and fuel |
| How many volts does most airplanes use in an electrical system? | 14-28 |
| What is an ammeter? | An instrument that monitors the electrical current |
| What produces an alternating current? | Alternator |
| What has to be "on" to engage the starter? | Master Switch |
| How many moving parts does a jet engine have? | One |
| What is the moving part of an engine? | the shaft down the center of the engine |
| What does the turbine of a jet engine do? | Captures energy from hot air |
| When hot gases leave the tail pipe of a jet, what does the force create? | thrust |
| What does oil in an engine function as? | Lubrication for moving parts and carry away heat |
| What two instruments give information about the operation inside the engine? | Oil pressure and oil temperature |
| What does a tachometer display/monitor? | An engine speed and propellor speed |
| What is the standard pressure of sea level? | 29.92 inches of Mercury/1013.2 milibars |
| What is the ratio of altitude (in feet) to pressure drop (in inches)? | 100 feet to 1 inch |
| What does an altimeter do? | Measures pressure (or altitude above sea level) |
| What does a Vertical Velocity Indicator (VVI) do? | Displays rate of change in altitude |
| What does an airspeed indicator do? | Records the difference between still air and moving air |
| Where does relative wind flow to in an airplane? | the pitot tube |
| What is the "true airspeed" and what does it correlate to? | the actual speed of the airplane; correlates to the pressure and temperature |
| What is a nautical mile? | Unit used to measure distances at sea; 6,076 ft |
| What Newton Law does the rotor of a gyroscope follow? | Newtons First Law of Motion |
| What is the other name of an airplane's directional indicator? | Directional Gyro |
| Can a heading indicator be set without the airplane facing north? | Yes |
| What does an inclinometer do? | Shows whether the airplane is slipping or skidding in a turn |
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