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BOD Molecules
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| IL1beta secretion | Secreted by macrophages -> synthesised in proform -> cleaved by caspase 1 |
| IL1beta effects | Activates vascular endothelium, increases vascular permeability (tight junction breakdown), increase IL-6, recruit/activate mono/lymphocytes, induce DC migration to draining lymph node, upregulate MHC II |
| IL2 secretion and effects | Produced by Th0 cells -> induce proliferation/T cell expansion -> promotes Th1 differentiation |
| IL3 effects | Stimulate bone marrow monocyte production -> type IV hypersensitivity -> CD4 Th1 damage releases IL3 |
| IL4 secretion | Produced by mast cells, Th2 cells, eosinophils, basophils -> non-inflammatory, promotes Th2 differentiation (Th2 response) |
| IL4 effects | Non-inflammatory -> B cell class switching to IgE, upregulates MHC II, promotes macrophage M2 activation, decreases Th1/M1 macrophage/IFNgamma/DC IL-12, overproduction -> allergies |
| IL5 secretion and effects | Th2, ILC2 and mast cells -> eosinophil activation (Th2 response) |
| IL6 secretion and effects | Stimulate acute phase protein production in hepatocytes, recruit/activate mono/lymphocytes, promotes Th17, recruit/activate mono/lymphocytes |
| IL8 secretion/effects | CXCL8 secreted by macrophages -> chemotactic factor for neutrophils, basophils, T cells -> activate NK cells |
| IL10 secretion/effects | Produced by Tregs and M2 macrophages -> non-inflammatory, vIL10 produced by EBV -> promote Th2 response (extracellular immune response and provide B cells for replication) |
| IL12 secretion/effects | Produced by macrophages/DCs after intracellular pathogen recognition (Th1 response) -> activate/recruit NK cells -> increase killing capacity, induce Th1 differentiation, endogenous pyrogen |
| IL13 secretion/effects | Produced by Th2 and ILC2 cells (Th2 response) -> activates M2 macrophages, stimulates smooth muscle contraction/goblet cell mucus production, directs DC migration to draining lymph nodes |
| IL17 secretion/effects | Produced by Th17 and ILC3 -> neutrophil activation, antimicrobial peptide production, cytokine production for monocyte/neutrophil recruitment |
| IL17 deficiency | Chronic superficial candida infection |
| IL18 effects | Promotes inflammation/Th1 response -> synthesised in proform -> cleaved by caspase 1 |
| IL22 secretion/effects | Produced by Th17 and ILC3 -> activate epithelial cells to produce antimicrobial peptides -> promote barrier integrity |
| IFNgamma secretion | Secreted by NK cells, Th1, ILC1, macrophages and DCs (Th1 response) |
| IFNgamma effects | Activates macrophages (increased killing capacity)/NK cells, CTLs, promotes inflammation, induces/produces Th1 response, type II interferon (boost cell-mediated immune response), induce vascular adhesion molecule expression (ICAM-1/LFA) |
| IFN alpha/beta secretion/effects | Secreted by virally infected cells -> auto/paracrine action to induce antiviral state via JAK/STAT signalling, type I IFN, upregulate MHC I, recruit/activate NK cells (increase killing capacity) |
| TNFalpha secretion | Produced by macrophages -> activate vascular endothelium/increase vascular permability, increased IgG/complement/cell entry into tissues, DC migration to lymph, upregulate MHC II, fever, septic shock |
| TGFbeta secretion/effects | Stimulates and produced by Tregs -> anti-inflammatory cytokine -> promote tolerance, prevent Th1/2 polarisation |
| Dectin 1 | C-type lectin like receptors (fungi) -> beta-1,3 glucan |
| Dectin 1 deficiency | Impaired fungal recognition -> superficial infections |
| Dectin 2 | C-type lectin like receptors (fungi) -> mannan |
| TLR2 | PRR -> PM -> zymosan (yeast), LTA (lipoteichoic acid - +ve gram bacteria), GPI anchor (parasite) |
| TLR3 | PRR -> endosomic dsRNA |
| TLR4 | PRR -> PM -> LPS (lipopolysaccharide - -ve gram bacteria), O linked mannose, oxidised LDL |
| TLR5 | PRR -> PM -> flagellin |
| RLR | PRR -> RIG-I like receptors -> cytoplasmic dsRNA -> expression of type I IFN (alpha/beta) -> anti-viral response -> JAK/STAT |
| NLR | PRR -> NOD like receptors -> cytoplasmic receptors |
| TLR7/8 | PRR -> endosomic ss vRNA |
| TLR9 | PRR -> endosomic unCH3 CpG rich DNA |
| NOD1 | NLR -> cytoplasmic -> bacterial peptidoglycan fragments |
| NOD2 | NLR -> cytoplasmic -> muranyl dipeptide from gut microbiota |
| CD4 | T helper cell -> co-receptor recognises beta2 domain of MHC II, bound by HIV gp120 for entry |
| CD8 | Cytotoxic T cells -> co-receptor recognises alpha3 domain of MHC I |
| CD20 | Surface of B cells -> development/differentiation into plasma cells |
| CD40 | pAPC -> costimulatory molecules (along w/ TCR) -> induce IL2 production from Th1 cells |
| CD40L | T cell -> costimulatory molecules (along w/ TCR) -> induce IL2 production from Th1 cells, activate macrophages |
| CD28 | T cell -> costimulatory molecules (along w/ TCR) -> binds to pAPC B7.1/2 |
| CD80/86 | pAPC -> costimulatory molelcules (along w/ TCR) -> binds to T cell CD28 |
| CTLA4 | Constitutively expressed in Tregs -> binds CD80/86 -> downregulates immune response |
| CD25 | Treg special regulatory CD4 cells -> high levels of CD25 IL2 receptor |
Created by:
vykleung
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