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BOD Molecules

TermDefinition
IL1beta secretion Secreted by macrophages -> synthesised in proform -> cleaved by caspase 1
IL1beta effects Activates vascular endothelium, increases vascular permeability (tight junction breakdown), increase IL-6, recruit/activate mono/lymphocytes, induce DC migration to draining lymph node, upregulate MHC II
IL2 secretion and effects Produced by Th0 cells -> induce proliferation/T cell expansion -> promotes Th1 differentiation
IL3 effects Stimulate bone marrow monocyte production -> type IV hypersensitivity -> CD4 Th1 damage releases IL3
IL4 secretion Produced by mast cells, Th2 cells, eosinophils, basophils -> non-inflammatory, promotes Th2 differentiation (Th2 response)
IL4 effects Non-inflammatory -> B cell class switching to IgE, upregulates MHC II, promotes macrophage M2 activation, decreases Th1/M1 macrophage/IFNgamma/DC IL-12, overproduction -> allergies
IL5 secretion and effects Th2, ILC2 and mast cells -> eosinophil activation (Th2 response)
IL6 secretion and effects Stimulate acute phase protein production in hepatocytes, recruit/activate mono/lymphocytes, promotes Th17, recruit/activate mono/lymphocytes
IL8 secretion/effects CXCL8 secreted by macrophages -> chemotactic factor for neutrophils, basophils, T cells -> activate NK cells
IL10 secretion/effects Produced by Tregs and M2 macrophages -> non-inflammatory, vIL10 produced by EBV -> promote Th2 response (extracellular immune response and provide B cells for replication)
IL12 secretion/effects Produced by macrophages/DCs after intracellular pathogen recognition (Th1 response) -> activate/recruit NK cells -> increase killing capacity, induce Th1 differentiation, endogenous pyrogen
IL13 secretion/effects Produced by Th2 and ILC2 cells (Th2 response) -> activates M2 macrophages, stimulates smooth muscle contraction/goblet cell mucus production, directs DC migration to draining lymph nodes
IL17 secretion/effects Produced by Th17 and ILC3 -> neutrophil activation, antimicrobial peptide production, cytokine production for monocyte/neutrophil recruitment
IL17 deficiency Chronic superficial candida infection
IL18 effects Promotes inflammation/Th1 response -> synthesised in proform -> cleaved by caspase 1
IL22 secretion/effects Produced by Th17 and ILC3 -> activate epithelial cells to produce antimicrobial peptides -> promote barrier integrity
IFNgamma secretion Secreted by NK cells, Th1, ILC1, macrophages and DCs (Th1 response)
IFNgamma effects Activates macrophages (increased killing capacity)/NK cells, CTLs, promotes inflammation, induces/produces Th1 response, type II interferon (boost cell-mediated immune response), induce vascular adhesion molecule expression (ICAM-1/LFA)
IFN alpha/beta secretion/effects Secreted by virally infected cells -> auto/paracrine action to induce antiviral state via JAK/STAT signalling, type I IFN, upregulate MHC I, recruit/activate NK cells (increase killing capacity)
TNFalpha secretion Produced by macrophages -> activate vascular endothelium/increase vascular permability, increased IgG/complement/cell entry into tissues, DC migration to lymph, upregulate MHC II, fever, septic shock
TGFbeta secretion/effects Stimulates and produced by Tregs -> anti-inflammatory cytokine -> promote tolerance, prevent Th1/2 polarisation
Dectin 1 C-type lectin like receptors (fungi) -> beta-1,3 glucan
Dectin 1 deficiency Impaired fungal recognition -> superficial infections
Dectin 2 C-type lectin like receptors (fungi) -> mannan
TLR2 PRR -> PM -> zymosan (yeast), LTA (lipoteichoic acid - +ve gram bacteria), GPI anchor (parasite)
TLR3 PRR -> endosomic dsRNA
TLR4 PRR -> PM -> LPS (lipopolysaccharide - -ve gram bacteria), O linked mannose, oxidised LDL
TLR5 PRR -> PM -> flagellin
RLR PRR -> RIG-I like receptors -> cytoplasmic dsRNA -> expression of type I IFN (alpha/beta) -> anti-viral response -> JAK/STAT
NLR PRR -> NOD like receptors -> cytoplasmic receptors
TLR7/8 PRR -> endosomic ss vRNA
TLR9 PRR -> endosomic unCH3 CpG rich DNA
NOD1 NLR -> cytoplasmic -> bacterial peptidoglycan fragments
NOD2 NLR -> cytoplasmic -> muranyl dipeptide from gut microbiota
CD4 T helper cell -> co-receptor recognises beta2 domain of MHC II, bound by HIV gp120 for entry
CD8 Cytotoxic T cells -> co-receptor recognises alpha3 domain of MHC I
CD20 Surface of B cells -> development/differentiation into plasma cells
CD40 pAPC -> costimulatory molecules (along w/ TCR) -> induce IL2 production from Th1 cells
CD40L T cell -> costimulatory molecules (along w/ TCR) -> induce IL2 production from Th1 cells, activate macrophages
CD28 T cell -> costimulatory molecules (along w/ TCR) -> binds to pAPC B7.1/2
CD80/86 pAPC -> costimulatory molelcules (along w/ TCR) -> binds to T cell CD28
CTLA4 Constitutively expressed in Tregs -> binds CD80/86 -> downregulates immune response
CD25 Treg special regulatory CD4 cells -> high levels of CD25 IL2 receptor
Created by: vykleung
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