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CANCER
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| oncology | study of cancer and their treatment |
| etiology | original cause of a cellular alteration |
| homeostasis | a condition of equilibrium when various physiologic factors are within normal limits |
| allostasis | body's way of adapting to acute stress to maintain homeostasi |
| cellular adaption | a protective mechanism to prevent cellular and tissue harm because of stressors |
| pathognomonic changes | unique histological findings that represent distinct disease processes |
| histology | microscopic study of tissues and cells for diagnostic purposes |
| biopsy | extraction of cell samples from an organ or mass of tissue to allow for histological examination |
| cellular differentation | the process in which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function |
| atrophy | a decrease in work demands leading to a shrinkage |
| hypertrophy | enlargement of a cell due to excessive use |
| hyperplasia | increase in number of cells in an organ tissue, in response to a stimulus |
| metaplasia | reversable change where one cell type is replaced with another |
| dysplasia | deranged cell growth comes from an irritant, if removed it can be correct, is it a precursor to cancer but is not cancerous |
| neoplasia | new growth, tumor |
| apoptopsis | programmed cell death, protective process -cells that do not go through apoptosis can lead to cancer |
| necrosis | cell death due to injury, irreversible process -initiates inflammatory reaction |
| infarction | -ischemic necrosis, death of tissue results from prolonged ischemia (myocardial infarction) |
| ischemia | lack of blood supply |
| gangrene | -prolonged ischemia, infarction and necrosis -wet: bacteria invades tissue--> swell, odor, oozes -dry: no blood supply, tissue dries and shrinks, turns black |
| angiogenesis | formation of new blood vessels |
| carcinogenesis | initiation of cancer formation |
| benign | abnormal cells that remain localized |
| malignant | spread to others area |
| adenoma | benign tumor, glandular tissue, or organ |
| lipomas | derived from fat cells |
| hemangioma | collection of blood vessels in the skin or internal organ |
| desmoid tumors | can be highly invasive but do not metastasize |
| nevi | non-cancerous moles on the skin |
| myomas | muscle tumor |
| carcinoma | malignant epithelial cells |
| adenocarcinoma | cancer of the glandular or ductal tissue |
| sarcoma | mesenchymal origin, such as connective tissue, cartilage, and bone |
| leukemia | cancerous change in leukocytes |
| lymphoma | cancerous lymphocytes in lymph tissue |
| chachexia | progressive loss of body fat and lean mass, essentially the body is being eaten from the inside out |
| paraneoplastic syndrome | unexpected pathological disorder provoked by the presence of cancer in the body (not due to cancer's space-occupying or metastatic effects) |
| three ways for cancer to metastasize | 1. it is in the blood, moves from its primary site and lands in another tissue and grows there 2. through our lymph system, travels down our lymph nodes 3. surgery contamination |
| what is the true diagnostic test for cancer | biopsy |
Created by:
phockens
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